【作者】 李冲；

【导师】 张晖；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 电子信息（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 随着航天卫星技术的不断发展,卫星在地球观测方面的应用变得越来越广泛。基于低轨卫星的任务观测具有重访周期短和分辨率高的优势。SAR观测的低轨卫星轨道设计对于地面目标的覆盖率和重访周期有着重要的意义,本文针对卫星观测中常见的点目标和区域目标覆盖需求,通过优化轨道参数,开展卫星轨道设计算法研究,完成的主要工作如下:1.精确计算SAR卫星覆盖范围。首先根据卫星轨道数据计算星下点轨迹,再通过空间几何关系分别对不同侧摆角情况下的SAR卫星覆盖边界经纬度进行推导,最后,实验结果验证所提方法的误差在可控范围内。2.针对卫星点目标观测问题,提出综合考虑卫星观测时长和访问间隔的卫星轨道设计算法。首先根据卫星对地观测原理,建立点目标观测的目标函数,给定约束条件,然后利用遗传粒子群融合算法进行求解。最后通过不同目标权重组合下的对比算法验证,本文设计的算法能够实现点目标的卫星轨道设计。3.针对卫星区域观测问题,提出综合考虑卫星使用资源和对目标区域覆盖率为设计目标的卫星轨道设计算法。首先,建立考虑约束条件的多目标优化数学模型,然后,针对大片区域和小片区域两种情况,将所选区域外接矩形,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解卫星覆盖结果,并求得卫星覆盖性能指标。最后,通过分析仿真实验结果可以发现NSGA-Ⅱ算法在卫星区域覆盖的多目标优化问题有非常显著的优势,设计得到的卫星星座既能考虑卫星使用资源,又能满足较高的覆盖率。4.针对点目标和区域目标的观测任务,利用C#编程语言设计实现卫星轨道设计系统。首先,根据系统的功能需求和架构,将系统分为输入模块、卫星轨道设计模块和输出数据模块,并设计实现数据库。然后,将点目标覆盖任务和区域覆盖任务的两种轨道设计算法在系统中部署,设计可视化界面。最后,通过一个具体案例验证卫星轨道设计系统的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of space satellite technology,the application of satellites in earth observation has become more and more extensive.Mission observations based on LEO satellites have the advantages of short revisit period and high resolution.The orbit design of low-orbit satellites for SAR observations is of great significance for the coverage and revisit period of ground targets.In this paper,in view of the common coverage requirements of point targets and regional targets in satellite observation,the research on satellite orbit design algorithms is carried out by optimizing the orbit parameters,and the main tasks completed are as follows:1.Accurate calculation of SAR satellite coverage.Firstly,the trajectory of the subsatellite point is calculated according to the satellite orbit data,and then the longitude and latitude of the SAR satellite coverage boundary under different side swing angles are deduced through the spatial geometric relationship,and finally,the experimental results verify that the error of the proposed method is within the controllable range.2.In order to solve the problem of satellite point target observation,a satellite orbit design algorithm considering the satellite observation time and visit interval was proposed.Firstly,according to the principle of satellite earth observation,the objective function of point target observation is established,and the constraints are given,and then the genetic particle swarm fusion algorithm is used to solve the problem.Finally,the comparison algorithm under different target weight combinations is verified that the algorithm designed in this paper can realize the satellite orbit design of point targets.3.In order to solve the problem of satellite area observation,a satellite orbit design algorithm was proposed to comprehensively consider the use of satellite resources and the coverage of the target area.Firstly,a multi-objective optimization mathematical model considering constraints is established,and then,for both large and small areas,the selected area is connected to a rectangle,and the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the satellite coverage results,and the satellite coverage performance index is obtained.Finally,through the analysis of the simulation results,it can be found that the NSGA-II algorithm has a very significant advantage in the multi-objective optimization problem of satellite area coverage,and the designed satellite constellation can not only consider the use of satellite resources,but also meet the high coverage rate.4.For the observation tasks of point targets and regional targets,the satellite orbit design system is designed and implemented by using C#programming language.Firstly,according to the functional requirements and architecture of the system,the system is divided into input module,satellite orbit design module and output data module,and the database is designed and implemented.Then,the two orbit design algorithms of the point target coverage task and the area coverage task were deployed in the system to design a visual interface.Finally,a specific case is used to verify the function of the satellite orbit design system.更多还原