论非法吸收公众存款罪的追赃挽损

【作者】 黄伟达；

【导师】 蒋凌申；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 刑法学（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 对于非法集资犯罪等涉众型经济犯罪而言,追赃挽损是持久讨论的话题,而非法吸收公众存款罪在非法集资犯罪中系高发且法律关系错综复杂的罪名。非法吸收公众存款罪具备涉案范围广、集资金额高、犯罪手段隐蔽等特点,同时其又具备很强的犯罪方式翻新性,可以适应时代技术特点而不断更新吸金方式。因而其追赃挽损往往呈现出周期长、挽损率低且存在维稳风险的现状。因此,非法吸收公众存款司法实践中,最为突出的问题便是如何做好涉案资产的保值增值;同时,随着《刑法修正案(十一)》出台和各类规范解释的配套,退赃退赔从宽法定化内在激发着非法集资人的退赔动力,但又有许多值得探讨和完善的地方。此外,集资参与人的身份地位存在争议,其知情权和参与权也有待切实落地。如何在追赃后做好涉案资产的保值增值工作,以及明晰含混的退赔责任,最大限度地为集资参与人挽回经济损失,具有其现实研究意义和价值。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分主要是对当前非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损的制度依据进行梳理,阐明非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损现状;结合《刑法修正案(十一)》分析为非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损带来的积极影响,并将非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损同电信诈骗犯罪、有组织犯罪以及反腐败犯罪追赃挽损进行比较分析,探讨特殊之处并寻求借鉴意义。第二部分,主要是论述非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损中的实践困境。主要从三个角度进行探讨,分别是集资参与人的身份认定和权利落地、涉案资产的保值增值问题以及退赔从宽的精进空间。第三部分,则是对非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损要点的理论展开,从法益定位分析集资参与人的身份,阐述当前先行处置的司法掣肘和引入资产接管制度的可行性,以及对退赔责任的本质进行剖析和区分。第四部分,是针对非法吸收公众存款罪追赃挽损困境所提出的完善建议,分别从集资参与人的权利保障,资产接管制度和信息公开平台,以及周延退赔从宽规范三个角度出发,力求为最大限度提高追赃挽损效率提供切实可行的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 For illegal fund-raising crimes and other crowd-related economic crimes,the topic of recovering and recovering losses is a persistent discussion,and the crime of illegal public deposit-taking is a high incidence and complex legal relationship among illegal fund-raising crimes.The crime of illegal public deposit has a wide range of cases,high amount of capital collection,hidden means of crime,and at the same time,it has a strong crime mode of renovation,can adapt to the technical characteristics of the times and constantly update the way to absorb money.As a result,the recovery and restoration of losses often show a long cycle,low restoration rate and the risk of stability.Therefore,in the judicial practice of illegal public deposit,the most prominent problem is how to do a good job in preserving the value of the assets involved;at the same time,with the introduction of the"Amendment to the Criminal Law(XI)"and various types of normative interpretations,the leniency of the legalization of the return of stolen goods and compensation has inherently stimulated the motivation of illegal fund-raising people to return compensation,but there are many places worth exploring and improving.In addition,the identity status of the participants in the fund-raising is controversial,and their right to information and participation is yet to be effectively implemented.How to do a good job in preserving the value of the assets involved in the case after the recovery,as well as clarify the ambiguous responsibility of refunding compensation,and maximize the recovery of economic losses for the participants of fund raising,has its practical research significance and value.This paper is divided into four parts.In the first part,we analyze the current institutional basis for recovery of illegal public deposits,clarify the current situation of recovery of illegal public deposits,analyze the positive impact of the amendment to the Criminal Law(XI)on the recovery of illegal public deposits,and compare the recovery of illegal public deposits with that of telecommunication fraud,organized crime and anti-corruption crimes.In the second part,we discuss the positive impact of illegal public deposit crime on the recovery and loss of proceeds.In the second part,we discuss the practical dilemmas in the recovery of illegal public deposits.The main three perspectives are the identification and rights of the participants,the value-added of the assets involved in the case,and the room for refinement of the leniency of the refund of compensation.The third part is the theoretical development of the key points of recovery and recovery of illegal public deposits,analyzing the identity of the participants in the fund-raising from the perspective of legal benefits,elaborating the judicial constraints of the current first disposal and the feasibility of introducing the asset receivership system,as well as analyzing and distinguishing the nature of the responsibility of refunding compensation.In the fourth part,we propose suggestions to improve the dilemma of recovering and recovering illegal public deposits from three perspectives,namely,the protection of the rights of the participants,the asset receivership system and the information disclosure platform,and the leniency of the circumstantial refund,in order to provide practical suggestions for maximizing the efficiency of recovering and recovering the proceeds.更多还原