【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 涂书田；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的快速发展和民事纠纷的日益增多,我国现行的民事级别管辖制度面临着诸多挑战。四级法院均具备初审权,使得审级功能的定位不清,进一步加剧了司法资源的浪费和案件处理的低效。级别管辖的划分标准模糊,导致不同地区法院在案件受理上的不一致,影响了法律的统一适用。级别管辖的规避行为与专业性案件管辖权上移,影响司法公正和效率、造成当事人诉讼权益的损害。通过对我国民事级别管辖立法现状及实践运行情况进行梳理,并有指向性地探讨问题背后的原因。我国级别管辖制度产生问题的原因包括:我国法院初审权设置没有契合国家司法体制,没有匹配各级法院职能,并且不能适应案件变化的需要;以标的额量化标准区分级别管辖缺乏科学性,没有兼顾案件性质与疑难程度。在此基础上,本文提出符合我国国情的民事级别管辖制度的完善路径:第一,推进四级法院初审权匹配其各自职能,弱化高级人民法院和最高人民法院初审权。第二,弱化级别管辖案件标的额量化标准,通过指定管辖和管辖权转移解决上下级法院的级别管辖,使级别管辖划分既具有可操作性,又不失灵活性。第三,优化最高人民法院职能,发挥其司法指导与审判监督功能。第四,构建规避管辖的监督制度,严格追究违法管辖责任,以此维护级别管辖制度的公信力和保障当事人的审级利益。这些改革措施旨在优化我国民事级别管辖的结构,提升司法公正与效率,保障当事人的合法权益,促进法律的公平与正义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the social economy and the increasing number of civil disputes,China’s current civil hierarchical jurisdiction system is facing numerous challenges.All four levels of courts have the right of first instance,which makes the positioning of the functions of the judicial levels unclear,further exacerbating the waste of judicial resources and the inefficiency of case handling.The unclear division criteria of hierarchical jurisdiction lead to inconsistencies in case acceptance among courts in different regions,affecting the uniform application of the law.The evasion of hierarchical jurisdiction and the upward transfer of jurisdiction over professional cases affect judicial fairness and efficiency and cause damage to the litigation rights and interests of the parties.By sorting out the current situation of China’s civil hierarchical jurisdiction legislation and its practical operation,and purposefully exploring the reasons behind the problems.The reasons for the problems in China’s hierarchical jurisdiction system include:the setting of the right of first instance of Chinese courts does not conform to the national judicial system,does not match the functions of courts at all levels,and cannot meet the needs of changes in cases;using the quantifiable standard of the subject matter amount to distinguish hierarchical jurisdiction lacks scientificity and does not take into account the nature and complexity of the cases.On this basis,this paper proposes the improvement paths of the civil hierarchical jurisdiction system in line with China’s national conditions:First,promote the matching of the right of first instance of the four levels of courts with their respective functions,and weaken the right of first instance of the higher people’s courts and the Supreme People’s Court.Second,weaken the quantifiable standard of the subject matter amount of cases under hierarchical jurisdiction,and resolve the hierarchical jurisdiction between superior and subordinate courts through designated jurisdiction and the transfer of jurisdiction,so that the division of hierarchical jurisdiction is both operable and flexible.Third,optimize the functions of the Supreme People’s Court and give play to its judicial guidance and trial supervision functions.Fourth,construct a supervision system for evading jurisdiction,strictly investigate the liability for illegal jurisdiction,so as to maintain the credibility of the hierarchical jurisdiction system and protect the judicial level interests of the parties.These reform measures aim to optimize the structure of China’s civil hierarchical jurisdiction,enhance judicial fairness and efficiency,protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties,and promote the fairness and justice of the law.更多还原