【作者】 于静；

【导师】 王之延；

【作者基本信息】 北京外国语大学 ， 传播学， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 在新媒体时代,数字鸿沟的存在对于社会公平、信息传播以及个人发展均构成了重要挑战。当下开展的各类研究大多聚焦于信源、信道与信息内容的把控机制,然而对信息接收者,即所谓的“信宿”的研究却不多。本研究以微信为实例,专注于个人信息接收中的主动筛选行为,探讨其对信息传播效果的优化以及数字鸿沟的缩小作用,希望能为相关理论与实践带来新思路。研究探究了以下这些问题:数字鸿沟于微信平台的具体呈现以及背后的原因;个体自滤把关的内涵与运行机制,特别是在微信这种社交媒体环境中的体现;微信平台借助其功能与算法来影响用户自滤行为,这既能提升信息筛选效率,也可能引发信息茧房等问题;从个体、平台、政策层面如何提出应对策略,进而提升信息传播质量、缓解数字鸿沟。这些问题紧密相连,共同构成了本研究的核心框架。研究对象包括微信平台上的活跃用户,普通用户与意见领袖都包含在内。用户按照年龄、学历、职业和使用目的等维度予以细分,进而深入分析不同群体的信息筛选行为及其影响因素。普通用户是信息接收和传播的重要环节,而意见领袖则在信息筛选与扩散中扮演关键角色。本研究对两类群体的行为特征加以对比分析,旨在揭示自滤把关的普遍规律及其特定场景下的表现。在理论框架方面,本研究依据数字鸿沟理论和把关理论,结合微信平台的特点,去探索自滤把关的动态机制。自库尔特·卢因(Kurt Lewin)提出关关理论后,其演化为从关注信源变为兼顾信宿。本研究着重强调信宿是“最后把关人”的角色。数字鸿沟理论给分析信息接收差异提供了重要视角,特别是在社交媒体技术深入介入信息传播的背景下。本研究将二者相结合,构建了一套分析微信用户行为的框架。此框架关注个体行为,并且注重平台功能与算法设计对信息流动的双向影响。在研究方法上,论文将问卷调查和深度访谈相结合,从多个角度、多个层次来揭示微信用户的自滤把关行为特征。问卷调查的设计包含了信息可信度的评估、内容的选择习惯以及算法推荐的体验,还收集到了国内不同用户群体的量化数据。深度访谈,主要是分析意见领袖和普通用户在筛选信息时所采用的的策略、经验,以及碰到的难题。将这两种研究方法加以结合,能够有力支撑研究结论的可靠与全面。研究显示,微信用户自滤把关行为对信息传播效果影响巨大。数字鸿沟于微信平台的表现,不只是传统接入与技能的差别,还包括信息选择偏好、内容质量还有个体动机等多个方面。用户的主动筛选行为,这能让信息的深度和广度得到优化,但平台算法的推荐机制对其有限。用户主动筛选信息,这能提升算法推荐结果的相关性与个性化程度。不过,算法存在局限性,这或许会引发“信息茧房”效应,让信息接触面变窄。另外,研究显示,微信平台的多功能性既为用户的信息筛选提供了便利,也在一定程度上增加了信息过载和选择困难的可能性。本研究的意义在多个方面有着体现。在理论方面,论文初次从信宿维度切入,把自滤把关融入数字鸿沟研究的重要维度,扩大把关理论在新媒体环境中的适用范围,突显了个体在信息传播中的主体性和能动性。在实践方面,研究于个体、平台和政策三个维度给出了创新性的意见,比如改进公众的信息素养、优化微信算法推荐逻辑、完善平台功能设计,还有推动相关政策的出台,来让社交媒体生态得以改善。在社会影响方面,论文着重讲了个体责任跟社会系统协同的重要性,给媒介公平和社会和谐的实现提供了参考框架。本论文研究微信平台个体自滤把关机制,揭示受众信息传播的核心作用,还指出社交媒体平台算法逻辑在这一过程中的双重作用。未来,提高公众的信息筛选水平和媒介素养,不仅是缩小数字鸿沟的关键所在,也将为优化信息传播生态、推动社会进步提供重要助力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the era of new media,the existence of the digital divide poses significant challenges to social equity,information dissemination,and individual development.Existing research primarily focuses on the gatekeeping mechanisms of information sources,channels,and content,while research on the receiver,or"destination"of information,remains relatively insufficient.This study takes We Chat as an example,focusing on individuals’active selection behaviors in information reception,and explores their role in optimizing the effects of information dissemination and narrowing the digital divide.The aim is to provide innovative insights for both related theories and practices.The research addresses the following questions:the specific manifestations of the digital divide on the We Chat platform and its causes;the nature and operational mechanisms of individual self-monitoring gatekeeping,particularly in the social media environment of We Chat;how We Chat’s functions and algorithms influence users’self-monitoring behaviors,which can both enhance information filtering efficiency and contribute to issues such as the"information cocoon";and how strategies can be proposed at the individual,platform,and policy levels to improve information dissemination quality and alleviate the digital divide.These interconnected questions form the core framework of this study.The research subjects include active users of the We Chat platform,both ordinary users and opinion leaders.Users are segmented by factors such as age,occupation,and purpose of use,to allow for an in-depth analysis of information filtering behaviors and their influencing factors among different groups.Ordinary users are key in information reception and dissemination,while opinion leaders play a crucial role in information filtering and diffusion.By comparing the behavioral characteristics of these two groups,this study seeks to reveal general patterns of self-monitoring gatekeeping and its manifestation in specific scenarios.Theoretical-wise,this study builds on the digital divide theory and gatekeeping theory,combined with the characteristics of the We Chat platform,to explore the dynamic mechanisms of self-monitoring gatekeeping.Since Kurt Lewin first proposed gatekeeping theory,it has evolved from focusing on information sources to considering the receiver,with this study further emphasizing the role of the receiver as the"final gatekeeper."The digital divide theory provides a critical perspective for analyzing disparities in information reception,particularly in the context of social media technologies’deep involvement in information dissemination.By combining these two theories,this study constructs a framework for analyzing We Chat user behavior,which takes into account both individual behaviors and the bidirectional influence of platform functions and algorithm design on information flow.Regarding research methods,the paper combines surveys and in-depth interviews to reveal the characteristics of We Chat users’self-monitoring behaviors from multiple perspectives.The survey design includes assessments of information credibility,content selection habits,and algorithmic recommendation experiences,collecting quantitative data from various user groups across China.In-depth interviews with opinion leaders and ordinary users explore their strategies,experiences,and challenges in the information filtering process.The combination of these two methods provides strong support for the reliability and comprehensiveness of the study’s conclusions.The research finds that We Chat users’self-monitoring behaviors have a significant impact on the effectiveness of information dissemination.The digital divide on the We Chat platform is not only manifested in traditional access and skill disparities but also in multiple dimensions,including information selection preferences,content quality,and individual motivations.Users’active filtering behaviors can optimize the depth and breadth of information,but they are also constrained by the platform’s algorithmic recommendation mechanisms.Specifically,users can improve the relevance and personalization of algorithmic recommendations through active selection,but the limitations of algorithms may lead to the emergence of"information cocoons,"narrowing the scope of information exposure.Moreover,the study reveals that We Chat’s multifunctionality provides convenience for information filtering but also increases the potential for information overload and choice difficulties.The significance of this study lies in several aspects.Theoretically,this paper introduces self-monitoring gatekeeping from the receiver’s perspective for the first time,positioning it as an important dimension of digital divide research.It expands the applicability of gatekeeping theory in the new media environment and highlights the agency and subjectivity of individuals in the information dissemination process.Practically,the study proposes innovative recommendations for individuals,platforms,and policies,such as improving public information literacy,optimizing We Chat’s algorithmic recommendation logic,refining platform function design,and promoting relevant policies to improve the social media ecosystem.Socially,the paper emphasizes the importance of individual responsibility and the coordination of social systems,providing a reference framework for achieving media fairness and social harmony.Through research on individual self-monitoring gatekeeping mechanisms on the We Chat platform,this paper reveals the core role of the audience in information dissemination and points out the dual role of social media platform algorithms in this process.In the future,enhancing public information filtering abilities and media literacy will not only be key to narrowing the digital divide but also provide important support for optimizing information dissemination ecosystems and promoting social progress.更多还原