【作者】 韩莹；

【导师】 陈四光； 毛春梅；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 在竞争日益激烈的教育环境中,青少年面临着多方面的心理压力,其中社交焦虑问题尤为突出。研究发现青少年社交焦虑会在15岁左右达到高峰。影响社交焦虑的因素包括社会环境、个体的认知方式以及情绪调节能力等,社会环境因素会影响青少年的社会认知,比如父母过度管控和同伴拒绝等。这些社会环境因素具有一个共同点,即会对青少年的社会认知产生负面影响,一方面会产生注意偏差,另一方面会将他人行为看成是具有敌意的偏差评价,其中一种偏差评价形式就是拒绝敏感性。拒绝敏感性是一种认知-情绪处理系统,体现为在可能遭遇拒绝的社交情境中,个体对潜在威胁信号的过度敏感和焦虑的情绪反应。研究表明,拒绝敏感性是社交焦虑的重要预测因素之一。自尊水平被认为是社交焦虑的负向预测因素,低自尊与焦虑情绪、社交回避以及不良人际关系密切相关。负性评价恐惧即个体对他人负面评价的过度担忧,也是社交焦虑的一个主要诱因,研究表明,负性评价恐惧与社交焦虑之间存在紧密的关联。因此本研究假设自尊与负性评价恐惧在拒绝敏感性与社交焦虑之间发挥着链式中介作用。本研究以江苏省扬州市和淮安市三所中学的971名高中生作为研究对象,并使用问卷调查法,以《拒绝敏感性量表》《青少年社交焦虑量表》《自尊量表》《简明负性评价恐惧量表》为主要研究工具对高中生的拒绝敏感性、社交焦虑、自尊和负性评价恐惧进行数据收集,研究结果表明:(1)拒绝敏感性、自尊、负性评价恐惧和社交焦虑两两显著相关;(2)拒绝敏感性能正向预测负性评价恐惧和社交焦虑,负性预测自尊;自尊能负向预测负性评价恐惧和社交焦虑;负性评价恐惧能正向预测社交焦虑;(3)自尊和负性评价恐惧在拒绝敏感性和社交焦虑中起链式中介作用;(4)拒绝敏感性团体辅导能够显著降低高中生拒绝敏感性水平和负性评价恐惧,从而降低青少年社交焦虑。综合以上研究结果,拒绝敏感性是青少年社交焦虑的主要预测因素之一,其不仅会加剧社交焦虑和负性评价恐惧,还会降低自尊水平,这对处于青春期高社交需求的高中生是不利的。针对拒绝敏感性的干预,能够有效帮助高中生降低负性评价恐惧,减轻社交焦虑,改善其社交表现,为青少年健康的心理发展奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In an increasingly competitive educational environment,adolescents face psychological pressure in various ways,with social anxiety being particularly prominent.Research has found that adolescents’social anxiety will peak around the age of 15.Factors that affect social anxiety include social environment,individual cognitive style,and emotional regulation ability.Social environmental factors such as excessive parental control and peer rejection can affect adolescents’social cognition.And these social environmental factors have one thing in common:they have negative impacts on adolescents’social cognition.On the one hand,they can lead to attention bias,and on the other hand,they can lead to biased evaluations of others’behavior as hostile.Especially one form of biased evaluation is rejection sensitivity,which is a cognitive-emotional processing system that manifests itself in an individual’s hypersensitivity to potential threat signals and emotional reactions of anxiety in social situations where rejection is possible.Moreover research shows that rejection sensitivity is one of the important predictors of social anxiety.Furthermore self-esteem is considered as a negative predictor of social anxiety.Because low self-esteem is closely related to anxiety,social avoidance,and poor interpersonal relationships.Fear of negative evaluation,that is,excessive worry about negative evaluation by others,is also a major cause of social anxiety.Studies have shown that there is a close correlation between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety.Therefore,this study hypothesizes that self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation play a chain mediating role between rejection sensitivity and social anxiety.This study used a questionnaire survey method with 971 high school students from three middle schools in Yangzhou City and Huai’an City,Jiangsu Province,as the research subjects.The Rejection Sensitivity Scale,the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents,the Self-Esteem Scale,and the Short Form of the Fear of Negative Evaluation were used as the main research tools to collect data on the students’rejection sensitivity,social anxiety,self-esteem,and fear of negative evaluation.The results of the study showed that:(1)Rejection sensitivity,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety are significantly correlated with each other.(2)Rejection sensitivity can positively predict fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety and negatively predict self-esteem.Self-esteem can negatively predict fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety.Fear of negative evaluation can positively predict social anxiety.(3)Self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation play a chain mediating role in rejection sensitivity and social anxiety.(4)Group counselling for rejection sensitivity can significantly reduce the rejection sensitivity level and negative evaluation fear of high school students,thereby reducing social anxiety in adolescents.In summary,rejection sensitivity is one of the main predictors of social anxiety in adolescents.It not only exacerbates social anxiety and intensifies the fear of negative evaluation but also diminishes self-esteem levels.This is particularly detrimental to high school students who experience heightened social demands during adolescence.Interventions targeting rejection sensitivity can effectively help high school students reduce fear of negative evaluation,alleviate social anxiety,and improve their social performance,laying a foundation for the healthy psychological development of adolescents.更多还原