【作者】 吴迪；

【导师】 文学国；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着大数据时代的到来,数据的价值日益凸显,为人工智能与云计算的有效运用奠定了基础,是万物互联的核心,引起世界各国的足够重视,为数据出境带来强大动力。流动性与无形性是数据的基本特征,这是数据出境的必备条件。在世界一体化发展的宏观背景下,数字经济日益繁荣,在其经济发展过程中,数据是宝贵的战略资源,也是重要的发展引擎,具有出境的必然性与必要性。然而,如果不能在数据出境过程中加强安全防范、保障出境数据的规范性,一旦数据遭到非法利用,就会严重损害个人利益、社会公共利益,甚至会威胁到国家安全。因此,在数据出境过程中必须保障安全,形成完善的安全评估制度,我国已经着手开展相关工作,专门为出境数据制定安全评估制度。然而,立法体系尚未形成,相关制度与规则不具备法律效力,未能产生良好效果。在本文中,重点分析数据出境安全评估制度在我国的构建与落实情况,围绕相关规定展开探究,对发达国家的先进做法进行学习,以智能网联汽车数据出境为例,结合具体情况对如何增强数据出境安全评估有效性提出合理建议。对本文内容进行分析,大致包含四个章节,对我国与数据出境安全有关的立法建设情况进行全面介绍,对其他国家在这方面的实践做法进行梳理,围绕具体案例对数据出境流动安全评估的必要性进行分析,对如何完善制度展开讨论,为数据出境安全评估立法建设提出建议。具体而言,第一章介绍特斯拉车主维权案,通过具体案例阐明数据出境流动监管的重要意义,深刻意识到如果我国无法在这方面实现突破,将威胁到个人、企业、国家的合法利益,诠释数据出境安全评估的意义;第二章介绍我国数据出境流动安全评估实施的现状及问题,梳理摆在现实面前亟待解决的问题,例如责任主体不明、权利救济缺失、安全评估制度不完善、安全评估缺乏统一标准等;第三章对美国与欧盟等在数据出境方面实施的安全保障进行分析,进一步感受到构建数据出境管理制度体系的意义,为我国相关工作的开展带来启示;第四章结合发现的问题与我国当前安全评估制度的建设情况,从事前、事中、事后三个阶段分别提出相关建议,即注重安全评估且提高数据传递效率、制定合规标准、加强制度建设等。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advent of the big data era,the value and significance of data have become increasingly prominent,laying the foundation for the effective application of artificial intelligence and cloud computing,becoming the core of the Internet of Things,attracting sufficient attention from countries around the world,and bringing strong impetus to the export of data.Liquidity and intangibility are the basic characteristics of data,which are essential conditions for data export.In the macro context of global integration development,the digital economy is becoming increasingly prosperous.In the process of digital economy development,data is not only a valuable strategic resource,but also an important development engine,with the inevitability and necessity of going abroad.However,if security measures cannot be strengthened during the data export process,the legality and compliance of the exported data cannot be guaranteed,or if it is illegally utilized,it will seriously harm personal interests and harm public interests,even posing a serious threat to national security.Therefore,in the process of data export,it is necessary to ensure security and establish a sound security evaluation system.China has started to carry out relevant work,specifically developing a security assessment system for outbound data,in order to demonstrate its determination to ensure the security of data outbound.However,the legislative system has not yet been formed,and the relative systems and rules do not have legal effect,failing to produce good results.In this paper,the focus is on analyzing the construction and implementation of the data export security assessment system in China,exploring relevant regulations,and learning from advanced practices in developed countries.Taking intelligent connected vehicle data export as an example,reasonable suggestions are proposed on how to enhance the effectiveness of data export security assessment based on specific situations.Analyze the content of this article,which roughly includes four chapters,comprehensively introduce the legislative construction related to data export security in China,sort out the practical practices of other countries in this regard,analyze the necessity of data export flow security assessment based on specific cases,discuss how to improve the system,and provide suggestions for the legislative construction of data export security assessment.Specifically,Chapter 1 introduces the Tesla car owner rights protection case,which illustrates the importance of data export flow supervision through specific cases.It deeply realizes that if China cannot achieve breakthroughs in this regard,it will threaten the legitimate interests of individuals,enterprises,and the country,and interprets the significance of data export security assessment;Chapter2 introduces the current situation and problems of the implementation of data export flow security assessment in China,and outlines the urgent problems that need to be solved in reality,such as unclear responsible parties,lack of rights and remedies,imperfect security assessment systems,and lack of unified standards for security assessment;Chapter 3 analyzes the security measures implemented by the United States and the European Union in data export,further realizing the significance of building a data export management system,and providing inspiration for the development of related work in China;Chapter 4 combines the identified problems with the current construction of China’s security assessment system,and proposes relevant suggestions in the pre stage,during stage,and post stage,namely focusing on security assessment and improving data transmission efficiency,formulating compliance standards,and strengthening institutional construction.更多还原