【作者】 刘洁；

【导师】 董雪梅；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 基层治理作为国家治理体系的基础性环节,是推进国家治理现代化的重要支撑,核心在于协同推进乡镇(街道)及城乡社区的治理效能提升。我国在2021年4月28日出台了《中共中央国务院关于加强基层治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的意见》,为基层治理体系和治理能力现代化提出总体要求及相应措施。行政复议作为我国法治体系的重要组成部分,在解决行政纠纷、维护公民合法权益和促进行政机关依法履职方面发挥着关键作用,其实施状况关乎社会治理的法治化水平。相对于行政诉讼、信访等解决行政争议的途径,行政复议具有更好的社会治理优势,基层行政复议工作一方面能体现基层行政主体依法行政和执行社会管理职能的水平;另一方面则是维护群众利益的手段。本文以H县为例,以近三年行政复议数据为基础,分析行政复议在基层社会治理中化解纠纷的实际情况。按照理论分析、实证分析、得出结论的思路,运用参与式观察法、案例研究法、半结构访谈法,研究行政复议在基层社会治理中存在的问题与改进措施。通过研究发现,H县在基层社会治理过程中,行政复议工作还存在一些问题,总体表现为与基层社会治理的结合尚不紧密,对于在基层社会治理方式中的主动下沉、作用挖掘仍然不够,具体表现为审理方式过于单一、监督基层主体作用较为薄弱、行政复议工作缺乏信息交流、案件结果在基层社会中公信力较低。在此基础上,分析探讨存在问题的原因:基层社会治理中重视对矛盾纠纷的非诉解决机制,强调“源头治理”,行政复议作为非诉机制之一,应当在基层社会治理中发挥出自身制度优势,在行政争议发生的初级阶段化解争议,然而,由于运行机制、审理方式、行政复议力量、信息化水平等方面存在不足,H县行政复议工作在基层社会治理中作用并不突出。文章结合服务型政府理论、协同治理理论、整体性治理理论,认为行政复议应当更加重视自身政府职能的全面履行,提升行政复议在基层社会治理中的服务性、专业性,同时,通过跨部门合作、多元参与和正式的协商联络,消除因信息孤岛和职能碎片带来的功能发挥不足的问题,达到法律效果和社会效果的相统一,并提出提出优化运行机制、细化审理方式、增强统筹调配、重视信息化建设等解决措施,以期H县能够通过行政复议这一法律途径提升当地基层社会治理水平,为当地基层治理体系和治理能力现代化建设贡献力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grassroots governance,a cornerstone of China’s national governance system,is vital for advancing governance modernization.It focuses on enhancing governance efficiency in towns,sub-districts,and urban-rural communities.On April 28,2021,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Modernization of Grassroots Governance Systems and Governance Capacity",putting forward overall requirements and corresponding measures for the modernization of grassroots governance systems and governance capacity.Administrative reconsideration,as an important component of China’s legal system,plays a key role in resolving administrative disputes,safeguarding citizens’ legitimate rights and interests,and promoting the lawful performance of duties by administrative organs.Its implementation status is closely related to the level of rule of law in social governance.Compared with other means of resolving administrative disputes such as administrative litigation and petitioning,administrative reconsideration has better advantages in social governance.On the one hand,grassroots administrative reconsideration work reflects the level of law-based administration and social management functions performed by grassroots administrative subjects;on the other hand,it is a means to safeguard the interests of the masses.This article takes H County as an example and,based on the administrative reconsideration data of the past three years,analyzes the actual situation of administrative reconsideration in resolving disputes in grassroots social governance.Following the line of theoretical analysis,empirical analysis,and conclusion drawing,it employs participant observation,case study,and semi-structured interview methods to explore the problems and improvement measures of administrative reconsideration in grassroots social governance.Research reveals that administrative reconsideration in H County’s grassroots social governance faces several issues.Generally speaking,the combination with grassroots social governance is not close,and the active sinking and role exploration in the grassroots social governance mode are still insufficient.Specific problems include the trial methods are too monotonous,the role of supervising grassroots subjects is relatively weak,lack of information exchange in administrative reconsideration work,and the credibility of case results is relatively low.On this basis,analyze and discuss the reasons for the existing problems:In grassroots social governance,the non-litigation resolution mechanism for conflicts and disputes is highly valued,emphasizing "source governance".As one of the non-litigation mechanisms,administrative reconsideration should give full play to its institutional advantages in grassroots social governance and resolve disputes at the primary stage when they occur.However,due to deficiencies in operation mechanisms,trial methods,administrative reconsideration capabilities,and informatization levels,The administrative reconsideration in H County doesn’t play a prominent role in grassroots social governance.Combining the theories of service-oriented government,collaborative governance and holistic governance,this study argues that administrative reconsideration must better fulfill its governmental functions,enhancing service quality and professionalism.Meanwhile,through cross-departmental cooperation,multi-party participation and formal consultation and liaison,Eliminate the problem of insufficient functional performance caused by information silos and fragmented functions,achieve the unity of legal and social effects,and propose solutions such as optimizing the operation mechanism,refining the trial methods,enhancing overall planning and allocation,and attaching importance to information construction,with the expectation that H County can improve the local grassroots social governance level through the legal channel of administrative reconsideration.These measures aim to elevate H County’s grassroots governance and contribute to modernizing its governance system and capabilities.更多还原