【作者】 张涵；

【导师】 刘文佳； 刘世仿；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 建筑（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 在快速城镇化进程中,中国传统民居建筑面临急剧消失的危机。作为豫南文化的典型代表,罗山县依托大别山北麓的地理屏障,留存了丰富的传统民居建筑,承载着中原文化、徽派文化与楚文化交融的历史记忆。然而,伴随人口的外流、现代生活方式的冲击及保护机制的缺失,罗山县传统民居建筑大部分都属于未定级民居,面临自然损毁与人为破坏的双重威胁。第四次全国文物普查的开展,为系统性记录与保护罗山县传统民居提供了重要契机。罗山县作为豫南地区传统民居建筑的缩影,却长期缺乏专题性研究。现有保护实践多聚焦于已定级文物,对未定级民居的关注不足,导致大量具有历史价值的建筑加速消亡。本研究以罗山县为切入点,旨在填补该地区传统民居研究的学术空白,揭示城镇化进程中传统民居的演变规律与保护需求,为地域文化传承与可持续发展提供理论支撑与实践路径。本研究综合运用文献研究、实地调查测绘、归纳对比、分类分级等方法,对罗山县全域55组传统民居建筑展开系统性分析。围绕罗山县传统民居的建筑特征和保护策略展开,主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:(1)基础研究部分为第一二章,首先阐述了研究背景,明确了研究范围及对象,确定了论文的主要研究内容及方法,并提出本文研究架构。其次,通过对罗山县自然地理、历史人文和民居文化的全面梳理,铺陈了罗山县传统民居建筑的生成语境,并梳理研究数据来源,明确了“基于地形分类”、“保存情况分级”的研究方法与路径,为下文研究奠定基础。(2)特征研究部分,第三到五章从宏观到微观,依据由聚落、合院到建筑单体逐层递进的特征研究框架,分别系统阐述了聚落选址、形态、分布及其演变特征;建筑合院的单元、组团、演变特征;建筑单体的平面形制、材料与结构、立面及装饰特征,揭示了传统民居建筑与自然环境、资源条件及建造技艺的紧密联系,体现了当地独特的审美观念与文化内涵。(3)总结保存现状问题,并提出保护策略。基于现状特征研究,通过将建筑现状与历史影像进行对比分析,构建了罗山县传统民居建筑特征完整性的量化评分标准,对各个民居建筑特征要素进行打分,进而建立了“A-D”四个级别的保存评价体系。运用该评价体系,对罗山县全域及山地丘陵、肺状垄岗、沿河平原三类地形区域中传统民居建筑的保存状况进行分类评价。研究进一步从整体层面梳理了传统民居保存的共性问题,并结合地形特征分析了各类区域的个性问题,并有针对性的提出保护策略。以实现传统民居建筑的有效保护与可持续发展。研究不仅完善了豫南民居特征体系,更为后续传统民居的保护提供了真实可靠的数据支撑,具有重要的学术价值与实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the rapid process of urbanization,traditional Chinese residential buildings are facing a crisis of rapid disappearance.As a typical representative of the culture in southern Henan,Luoshan County,relying on the geographical barrier of the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains,has preserved a rich collection of traditional residential buildings,carrying the historical memory of the integration of Central Plains culture,Huizhou culture and Chu culture.However,with the outflow of population,the impact of modern lifestyles and the lack of protection mechanisms,most of the traditional residential buildings in Luoshan County are unclassified and are under dual threats of natural deterioration and human destruction.The launch of the fourth national cultural relics census provides an important opportunity for the systematic recording and protection of traditional residential buildings in Luoshan County.As a microcosm of traditional residential buildings in southern Henan,Luoshan County has long lacked specialized research.Existing protection practices mostly focus on classified cultural relics,with insufficient attention paid to unclassified residential buildings,leading to the accelerated disappearance of many buildings of historical value.This study takes Luoshan County as the entry point,aiming to fill the academic gap in the research of traditional residential buildings in this region,reveal the evolution patterns and protection needs of traditional residential buildings in the process of urbanization,and provide theoretical support and practical paths for the inheritance of regional culture and sustainable development.This study comprehensively employs methods such as literature research,on-site investigation and mapping,induction and comparison,and classification and grading to conduct a systematic analysis of 55 groups of traditional residential buildings throughout Luoshan County.Focusing on the architectural features and protection strategies of traditional residential buildings in Luoshan County,the main research contents include the following aspects:(1)The basic research part is composed of the first and second chapters.Firstly,it elaborates on the research background,clarifies the research scope and objects,determines the main research contents and methods of the thesis,and proposes the research framework of this paper.Secondly,through a comprehensive review of the natural geography,historical culture and residential culture of Luoshan County,it lays out the generation context of traditional residential buildings in Luoshan County and sorts out the sources of research data,clarifying the research methods and paths of"classification based on terrain"and"grading based on preservation status",laying the foundation for the subsequent research.(2)The feature research part,from the third to the fifth chapter,proceeds from macro to micro,based on the feature research framework that progresses from settlements,courtyards to individual buildings,systematically expounds on the location selection,form,distribution and evolution characteristics of settlements;the unit,group and evolution characteristics of courtyard buildings;the plan form,materials and structure,facade and decoration characteristics of individual buildings,revealing the close connection between traditional residential buildings and the natural environment,resource conditions and construction techniques,and reflecting the unique aesthetic concepts and cultural connotations of the local area.(3)Summarize the current preservation status problems and propose protection strategies.Based on the current feature research,by comparing the current status of buildings with historical images,a quantitative scoring standard for the integrity of the architectural features of traditional residential buildings in Luoshan County is constructed,and each feature element of the residential buildings is scored,thereby establishing a preservation evaluation system of four levels:A-D.Using this evaluation system,the preservation status of traditional residential buildings throughout Luoshan County and in three types of terrain regions:mountainous and hilly areas,lung-shaped ridge and hill areas,and river plain areas is classified and evaluated.The study further sorts out the common problems in the preservation of traditional residential buildings from an overall perspective,and analyzes the individual problems of various regions in combination with terrain features,and proposes targeted protection strategies to achieve the effective protection and sustainable development of traditional residential buildings.This research not only enriches the feature system of traditional residential buildings in southern Henan,but also provides real and reliable data support for the subsequent protection of traditional residential buildings,with significant academic value and practical significance.更多还原