【作者】 王杰；

【导师】 吴丰昌；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 水生态系统完整性研究是当前国际上水生态监测与评价、生态环境综合治理、水生态系统保护与修复等领域的研究热点和前沿。我国水生态系统完整性研究起步较晚,基础薄弱,亟需全面了解国际进展和经验,切实做好相关技术研发和机理机制研究。本研究对汉江两季共40个点位开展水生态调查数据,包括土地利用类型、景观指数、水质理化指标、浮游生物和大型底栖无脊椎动物。本研究没有设置参照点位,经过零值分布分析、敏感性分析、冗余性分析三个步骤筛选指标,并开展汉江水生态系统完整性评价和退化诊断。主要研究结果如下:（1）水生态调查结果显示,汉江流域不同地区土地利用差异显著,上游地区土地利用类型以森林为主,中下游地区以农田和建筑为主,表明中下游地区人类活动更加强烈。大部分点位的水质符合Ⅱ类水质标准,部分点位的个别指标超出Ⅱ类水质标准,表明汉江整体水质状况有明显改善。本研究于枯水期发现5门38种浮游植物、4门20种浮游动物、3门21种底栖动物,于丰水期发现7门116种浮游植物、4门15种浮游动物、3门26种底栖动物。（2）基于文献调研和实地调查,确定了10个物理完整性（IPI）候选指标、10个化学完整性（ICI）候选指标、42个浮游生物完整（P-IBI）候选指标和54个大型底栖无脊椎动物生物完整性（B-IBI）候选指标,其中生物完整性候选指标涵盖群落结构、生物多样性、耐污能力和功能性状等多个类别。P-IBI和B-IBI评价结果表明,汉江浮游生物完整性和大型底栖无脊椎动物生物完整性因两类水生生物的生活特性不同,对于水生态健康状况的指示存在较大差异。IBI评价结果显示,汉江水生态系统完整性整体状况“一般”,“良好”、“一般”和“较差”的点位均分别占比10%、60%和30%。IPI和ICI的评价结果存在较大差异,IPI指示汉江生境状况,沿河流方向降低,ICI指示水质状况,沿河流方向增加。IEI评价结果显示,枯水期“良好”、“一般”和“较差”的点位分别占比10%、85%和5%,丰水期“良好”、“一般”和“较差”的点位分别占比5%、75%和20%。（3）汉江水生态系统完整性整体状况“一般”,B-IBI和ICI是与IEI最相关的两个完整性指数。SHDI、TP、NH₃-N、EC显著影响浮游生物完整性。NH₃-N、p H显著影响大型底栖无脊椎动物生物完整性。上游地区的主要生态受损对象是水质和底栖动物,中下游地区的主要生态受损对象是物理生境和水生生物。本研究从多个维度去说明汉江水生态系统完整性状况,并探究显著影响汉江水生生物完整性的环境因子和汉江流域生态受损对象,可以为汉江流域的水生态管理提供数据支持和科学依据,并为其他水生态系统完整性研究提供技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on aquatic ecosystem integrity has emerged as a prominent international focus in fields including water ecological monitoring and assessment,comprehensive ecological environment management,and aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration.In China,studies on aquatic ecosystem integrity commenced relatively late with weak foundational work,necessitating comprehensive understanding of international advancements and experiences to enhance technical development and mechanistic investigations.This study conducted biannual water ecological surveys at 40 sampling sites along the Hanjiang River,collecting data on land use types,landscape indices,physicochemical water quality parameters,plankton,and macroinvertebrates.Without reference sites,the research employed three-step indicator screening through zero-distribution analysis,sensitivity analysis,and redundancy analysis,followed by integrity assessment and degradation diagnosis of the Hanjiang River aquatic ecosystem.Key findings include:（1）Land use analysis revealed significant regional differences:forest-dominated upstream areas contrasted with agricultural and urbanized mid-lower reaches,indicating intensified human activities downstream.Most sites met Class II water quality standards,with occasional parameter exceedances,suggesting substantial water quality improvement.Biological surveys identified 5 phyla/38 species of phytoplankton,4 phyla/20 zooplankton,and 3 phyla/21 macroinvertebrates during dry season,increasing to 7 phyla/116 phytoplankton,4 phyla/15 zooplankton,and 3phyla/26 macroinvertebrates in wet season.（2）Through literature review and field surveys,10 physical integrity（IPI）indicators,10 chemical integrity（ICI）indicators,42 planktonic index of biotic integrity（P-IBI）indicators,and 54 benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity（B-IBI）indicators were established.Bio-integrity indicators encompassed community structure,biodiversity,pollution tolerance,and functional traits.P-IBI and B-IBI evaluations demonstrated divergent ecological health indications due to differing biological characteristics.Integrated assessment classified 10%,60%,and 30%of sites as"Good","Fair",and"Poor"respectively.IPI（habitat quality）decreased downstream while ICI（water quality）improved longitudinally.The Integrated Ecosystem Integrity（IEI）evaluation showed dry season classifications of 10%"Good",85%"Fair",5%"Poor",shifting to 5%"Good",75%"Fair",and 20%"Poor"during wet season.（3）The Hanjiang River ecosystem integrity was generally rated"Fair",with B-IBI and ICI being most strongly associated with IEI.Planktonic integrity was significantly influenced by SHDI（Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index）,TP（Total Phosphorus）,NH₃-N（Ammonia Nitrogen）,and EC（Electrical Conductivity）,while benthic integrity was affected by NH₃-N and p H.Ecological degradation primarily involved water quality and benthos in upstream areas,versus physical habitat and aquatic biota in mid-lower reaches.This multidimensional assessment elucidates environmental drivers of biological integrity and identifies critical ecological stressors,providing scientific support for Hanjiang River ecosystem management and methodological references for aquatic integrity studies elsewhere.更多还原