【作者】 王宇；

【导师】 朱永国；

【作者基本信息】 首都体育学院 ， 运动训练（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代高水平的排球竞技中,随着球速的不断加快和战术的多样化,比赛的对抗性日益增强,攻防转换的节奏也变得更为迅速,这种趋势凸显了技术革新的攻防双重性。在这样的竞技环境下,运动员不仅需要坚实的基础技术,还必须具备出色的快速移动和变向能力。这种能力不仅依赖于强大的肌肉力量,更考验着运动员的肌肉控制力和稳定性。因此,排球运动员必须掌握卓越的急停和制动技巧,这对于防守和快速反击尤为重要。运动员需要在高速移动和迅速稳定身体之间实现无缝衔接,例如在快速变向起跳扣球或及时拦网时。然而,目前的排球训练中,力量练习主要集中在向心收缩训练上,而离心力量训练的重要性尚未得到充分认识。本文旨在深入分析下肢离心力量训练对青少年排球运动员专项移动能力的影响,并期望为青少年排球运动员的专项体能训练提供新的思路,从而显著提高他们在排球比赛中的专项移动能力。本项研究选取了北京航空航天大学附属中学的十六名初中男子排球队员作为实验参与者,并对他们实施了为期八周的干预性训练计划。为了评估下肢离心力量训练相较于传统侧重于向心力量训练的方法,在提升排球专项移动能力方面的有效性,本研究精心挑选了八项移动测试指标作为评估基准。此举旨在深入探究离心力量训练是否能更显著地增强运动员的排球特定移动性能。本研究采用文献资料法、针对16名青少年排球队员采取随机分组策略,将其均分为实验组与对照组,每组8名男性运动员。通过为期8周的干预性训练,对比两种训练方法效果。采用专家访谈法收集专家意见建议,实验法实施并评估干预效果,数理统计法用于数据分析,以量化两组运动员训练前后能力变化。此研究设计为深入理解与优化排球运动员训练效果提供全面科学证据。为全面评估离心力量训练与传统向心运动为主的训练这两种下肢力量训练方法的效果差异,精心选了半“米”字跑、十字象限移动等八项移动测试指标。通过对比两组受试者在这些测试中的表现,深入探究并量化不同训练策略对下肢相关能力的影响。采取系统方法,先收集数据,再用SPSS 27统计软件进行详尽分析,本研究旨在明确辨识出能够显著提升排球专项移动能力发展的最有效力量训练策略。研究结果如下:(1)提高青少年男子排球队员下肢离心力量可以提高其在专项移动中身体重心的控制能力,减少移动时力量损耗,专项移动速度得以显著提高。(2)提高青少年男子排球队员下肢离心力量,对专项移动的速度有显著提升效果,主要原因是结合专项移动特点使用的训练手段能够提高下肢力量完成加速启动和制动。(3)本研究考虑青少年身体发展特点在实验过程中采用无负重状态下的下肢离心力量训练,对提高青少年男子排球队员的下肢离心力量具有显著训练效果。(4)经过8周的试验,证明了在少儿排球运动员专项运动中,采用下肢离心力量训练,可以有效地提高运动技能的转化效率,有利于运动员的专项运动技能的发展。本研究发现,虽然实验组队员均具有一定体能基础,经过8周不同形式的离心力量训练使得实验组队员的八项指标测试成绩均具有不同程度的提高。其中T-test测试、脚步移动综合测试与十字象限移动测试的成绩提升具有统计学差异性(p<0.05)。在没有特定干预措施的情况下,对照组队员的移动能力总体稍有进步,但成绩提高均不具有显著性差异。对照组多方向跨一步摸球成绩提高幅度高于实验组,可能受到多种因素的影响,包括测试熟悉度、心理状态以及日常活动中的无意识训练等,这些因素在未来的研究中应予以关注并深入探索,在今后的研究中需要更精细地设计实验方案,以更准确地评估不同干预措施对各项移动能力的影响。在对照组和实验组的后测资料经独立样本t检验后,表明下肢离心力量训练在培养初中男生排球运动员的专项运动能力方面明显优于常规的训练方式。这也说明了在排球专项运动中,下肢离心力量训练的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern high-level volleyball competition,with the continuous acceleration of ball speed and the diversification of tactics,the competitiveness of the game is increasingly enhanced,and the rhythm of offensive and defensive transitions has become faster.This trend highlights the dual nature of offensive and defensive technological innovation.In such a competitive environment,athletes not only need solid basic techniques but must also possess excellent rapid movement and directional change capabilities.This ability relies not only on strong muscle power but also tests the athlete’s muscle control and stability.Therefore,volleyball players must master excellent emergency stopping and braking techniques,which are particularly important for defense and rapid counterattacks.Athletes need to seamlessly transition between high-speed movement and rapid stabilization of the body,such as during rapid directional changes for spiking or timely blocking.However,in current volleyball training,strength exercises mainly focus on concentric contraction training,and the importance of eccentric strength training has not yet been fully recognized.This article aims to deeply analyze the impact of lower limb eccentric strength training on the specific movement abilities of young volleyball players and hopes to provide new ideas for the specific physical training of young volleyball players,thereby significantly improving their specific movement abilities in volleyball matches.This study took 16 junior high school male volleyball players from Beijing Aerospace University High School as experimental subjects and conducted an 8-week intervention training.By selecting 8 mobility test indicators,the study aimed To ascertain whether eccentric strength training for the lower limbs demonstrates superior efficacy compared to conventional concentric strength training in enhancing volleyball-specific mobility.This research employed a comprehensive approach incorporating literature analysis,expert consultations,experimental methodologies,and mathematical statistical techniques to ensure robust data interpretation and theoretical grounding.A total of 16 male volleyball players were randomly allocated into two distinct groups:an experimental group and a control group,thereby ensuring an unbiased distribution of participants.and underwent 8 weeks of intervention training.Eight mobility test indicators were selected,including half "meter" running,cross-quadrant mobility test,T-test,"X" running,36-meter mobility,multi-directional one-step touch ball,back-to-back turning run,and comprehensive footwork mobility test.The two groups were subjected to lower limb eccentric strength training and traditional concentric-based lower limb strength training,respectively.Finally,by recording data and using SPSS27 software for statistical analysis,it was verified which strength training method could more effectively promote the development of volleyball-specific mobility.The results of the study are as follows:(1)Improving the lower limb eccentric strength of young male volleyball players can improve their control of body center of gravity during specific movements,reduce power loss during movement,and significantly improve specific movement speed.(2)Improving the lower limb eccentric strength of young male volleyball players has a significant effect on improving the speed of specific movements,mainly because the training methods used in combination with the characteristics of specific movements can improve the lower limb strength to complete acceleration and braking.(3)This study considered the characteristics of adolescent physical development and adopted lower limb eccentric strength training without additional weight during the experiment,which has a significant training effect on improving the lower limb eccentric strength of young male volleyball players.(4)After an 8-week experiment,it was shown that lower limb eccentric strength training can improve the efficiency of action transitions in specific movements for young male volleyball players and has a good promoting effect on the development of basketball-specific mobility.This study found that although the experimental group members all had a certain physical foundation,after 8 weeks of different forms of eccentric strength training,the test results of the eight indicators of the experimental group members were improved to varying degrees.Among them,the T-test,footwork mobility comprehensive test and cross-quadrant mobility test results showed statistically significant differences(p<0.05).Without specific intervention measures,the mobility of the control group members improved slightly overall,but the improvement in performance was not statistically significant.The improvement in the multi-directional one-step touch ball results of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group,which may be influenced by various factors,including test familiarity,psychological state,and unconscious training in daily activities.These factors should be paid attention to and explored in depth in future research.In future studies,it is necessary to design the experimental plan more finely to more accurately assess the impact of different intervention measures on various mobility abilities.The post-test data of the control group and the experimental group,after independent sample T-test,can reflect that lower limb eccentric strength training is superior to traditional training methods in developing the specific mobility of junior high school male volleyball players.It also proves the value of lower limb eccentric strength training in volleyball training.更多还原