【作者】 王静；

【导师】 袁先来；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 安妮·普鲁(Annie Proulx)是美国当代备受欢迎的女作家之一,她以锐利周密的观察审视能力和忠实记录复杂纷纭的社会中个体的生活状态而闻名。普鲁在求学期间就读于历史学专业,年鉴学派从官方书面文件之外的文字材料中了解普通人生活的主张,对普鲁的文学创作产生了巨大影响。本论文研究的《手风琴罪案》(Accordion Crimes,1996)是一部具有安妮·普鲁深刻烙印的作品,这部小说紧扣她一贯的写作风格,在恢宏的历史变迁中展现渺小个体的平凡生活,从点滴中反映种族歧视和美国的主流话语权力对移民方方面面的压迫。这部小说通过手风琴这一富有象征意义的物品,跨时间跨地域地串联起了多个不同族裔家庭的文化传承与身份选择的故事。普鲁通过深入剖析这些故事,揭开了曾经存在,但现在几近遗忘的无数多元文化。被历史尘封的族裔文化再现,但令人悲伤的是,这些具有特色的民族文化已然散落在移民走向美国化的过程中。多元民族文化消散的同时,移民的民族集体身份被解构,走上成为“美国人”的身份建构之路。首先,第一章先探讨为什么在美国西部形成了“帝国神话”、“花园神话”与“牛仔神话”,进而挖掘这些神话形成背后所蕴含的“天定命运”和“白人至上”的价值观。通过对这些神话形成脉络的梳理,本研究揭示了普鲁写作《手风琴罪案》的创作背景,即真实西部饱受神话西部的挤压。从而进一步分析普鲁如何通过她的叙事对这些神话进行了解构,在地点安排上,大部分故事发生在美国西部地区,有助于普鲁展示真实的西部图景;在开始时间上,普鲁将1890年作为小说的起点,赋予了故事深意,凸显了在边疆消失的时代,美国上下对外来移民的排外主义;在人物设置上,普鲁选择了常常被历史淹没声音的小角色作为主角,替换了习以为常的白人男性主角。接着通过对德裔移民拓荒者和底层爱尔兰裔牛仔的深入剖析,展示移民在艰难生活中遇到的身份认同挑战。移民所面临的挑战不仅限于此,除了因民族身份得不到平等的权利与机会之外,普鲁还看到了移民群体在美国社会中面临的心灵危机。因此第二章将聚焦于种族歧视、同化政策、逐利文化和工业文明,旨在分析这些如何在侵蚀移民民族身份的同时,对其灵魂造成腐蚀。手风琴是贯穿整个文本的象征性物品,是移民群体饱受歧视的生活中重要的精神寄托,但却被精英阶层视为底层族裔的音乐,加剧了移民的自卑感,通过分析手风琴的象征意义,可以更好地理解移民在社会秩序中所处的边缘地位,以及他们在边缘处境中做出的选择——与自身文化根源相疏离,以融入主流文化氛围。之后,将进一步探讨受到商业化侵蚀的“美国梦”对移民人性的影响,这种功利化的价值观导致了个人利益至上的竞争氛围,对边缘化的移民群体来说,逐利的社会氛围使原本温情的家庭关系变得冷漠,更加剧了心理孤立感。大熔炉政策还要求移民放弃原有的民族文化,而工业化和城市化的进程则剥夺了移民从自然界获取心灵慰藉的机会,移民最终丧失了所有可获得精神文化补给的源泉。因此,移民不得不试图融入美国社会,寻求新的认同感。移民努力建构“美国人”身份的道路并不容易,而且结局也不乐观。第三章将着重分析移民在美国社会中的身份建构过程,并通过法裔移民多洛的故事,深入分析移民在由民族身份向美国身份转向时,个体在外界同化压力和自我文化血统之间,所面临的激烈冲突与强烈挣扎。这种复杂心理在移民群体中普遍存在,他们既不知道在大熔炉的同化压力下,如何与民族文化保持联系,也不知道如何面对拥有新的集体身份后所带来的迷茫。但是为了生存得更好,移民往往会选择摒弃民族身份,通过一系列行为来向美国表达忠诚。虽然他们通过一系列外在的行为让自己看起来像“美国人”,但是由于难以摆脱的民族血统烙印,使得他们在美国社会中依然面临着种族主义歧视的现实。普鲁笔下移民的结局都较为凄惨,即使有事业成功的移民,也是凭借非常规手段实现的,作者借此揭示了资本主义社会中的阶级固化和社会资源分配不公的现实,也暗示了美国社会对移民的难以接纳,进而引发对族裔问题的深刻反思,探讨造成这一现象的根本原因。普鲁的作品可以说是为读者提供了一个有力视角,去发现外来移民是怎样努力地去建构一种新的美国集体身份,进而对身份认同背后隐藏的种族主义进行审视,关注到种族刻板印象和种族仇恨对个体乃至国家的危害,促使人们思考如何走向多元民主。因此,本论文从身份认同的角度入手,对普鲁小说中移民的身份认同困境进行具体的文本分析,探讨来自不同文化背景的移民在适应美国的过程中遇到了哪些身份认同的挑战,他们如何在不断变化的环境中寻找自己的身份,如何努力保留原来的民族集体身份,又如何适应并建构新的集体身份,这个身份建构的过程受到哪些因素的影响。通过对移民经验、文化碰撞和身份建构的深度思考,更好地理解少数族裔在充满社会排斥、文化冲突和身份认同困境的美国社会中的生存状态。更多还原

【Abstract】 Annie Proulx is one of the most popular contemporary female writers in the United States,known for her sharp and meticulous observation and faithful recording of the living conditions of individuals in complex and diverse societies.During her academic pursuit,Proulx studied history.The Annales School’s approach of understanding the lives of ordinary people through textual materials beyond official written documents had a significant impact on Proulx’s literary creation.The Accordion Crimes(1996)studied in this paper is a work deeply imprinted by Annie Proud.This novel closely follows her consistent writing style,showcasing the ordinary lives of small individuals in the grand historical changes,and reflecting racial discrimination and the oppression of mainstream discourse power on immigrants in all aspects from the small details.This novel connects multiple ethnic families,cultural heritage,and identity choices across time and geography through the symbolic object of the accordion.Proulx delved into these stories and uncovered countless multicultural elements that once existed but are now almost forgotten.The ethnic culture that has been shrouded in historical dust has reappeared,but sadly,these distinctive ethnic cultures have already been scattered in the process of immigration towards Americanization.As diverse ethnic cultures dissipate,the collective identity of immigrants is deconstructed,embarking on the path of identity construction as "Americans".Firstly,the first chapter delves into why the "empire myth","garden myth",and "cowboy myth" formed in the American West,and further explores the underlying values of "manifest destiny" and "white supremacy" embedded within these myths.By tracing the development of these myths,this study reveals the backdrop behind Annie Proulx’s writing of "Accordion Crimes",depicting the real West under the pressure of mythic portrayals.This analysis progresses to examine how Proulx deconstructs these myths through her narrative.In terms of setting,most of the story takes place in the American West,aiding Proulx in depicting an authentic Western landscape.In terms of timeline,Proulx sets the beginning of the novel in 1890,imbuing the story with significance and highlighting the era of frontier disappearance and America’s xenophobia towards immigrants from both above and below.Regarding character selection,Proulx opts for minor characters whose voices are often drowned out by history,replacing the conventional white male protagonist.Subsequently,through an in-depth analysis of German immigrant pioneers and working-class Irish cowboy,the study illustrates the identity challenges immigrants face in their arduous lives.The challenges faced by immigrants are not limited to those mentioned.Apart from the unequal rights and opportunities due to ethnic identity,Proulx also observes the psychological crisis immigrant communities face in American society.Therefore,the second chapter will focus on racial discrimination,assimilation policies,profit-driven culture,and industrial civilization,aiming to analyze how these factors erode immigrant ethnic identities while corroding their souls.The accordion serves as a symbolic item throughout the text,representing a crucial spiritual anchor for immigrant communities amidst discrimination.However,it is perceived by the elite as music of the lower ethnic groups,exacerbating immigrants’ sense of inferiority.By analyzing the symbolic significance of the accordion,one can better understand immigrants’ marginal status in social order and the choices they make in such marginal positions—either alienating themselves from their cultural roots to assimilate into the mainstream cultural atmosphere.Subsequently,further exploration will be conducted on the impact of the commercialized "American Dream" on immigrant humanity.This utilitarian value system fosters a competitive atmosphere of self-interest,which,for marginalized immigrant communities,makes originally warm family relationships turn cold and intensifies their sense of psychological isolation.The melting pot policy also requires immigrants to abandon their original ethnic cultures,while the processes of industrialization and urbanization deprive immigrants of opportunities to find spiritual solace in nature,ultimately depleting immigrants of all sources of spiritual and cultural nourishment.Consequently,immigrants are compelled to try to integrate into American society and seek new senses of identity.The road to constructing an "American" identity for immigrants is not easy,and the outcome is not optimistic.The third chapter will focus on analyzing the process of immigrant identity construction in American society.Through the story of the French immigrant Dolor,it will delve into the intense conflicts and struggles individuals face between external assimilation pressures and their own cultural heritage when transitioning from ethnic identity to American identity.This complex psychology is prevalent among immigrant communities;they are unsure of how to maintain a connection with their ethnic culture under the assimilation pressure of the melting pot,nor do they know how to confront the confusion that comes with acquiring a new collective identity.However,for the sake of better survival,immigrants often choose to discard their ethnic identity and express loyalty to America through a series of actions.Although they make themselves appear to be "American" through a series of external behaviors,the indelible stamp of their ethnic heritage makes them still face the reality of racial discrimination in American society.The endings of immigrants portrayed by Proulx are generally bleak.Even successful immigrants achieve their success through unconventional means,revealing the reality of class stratification and unfair distribution of social resources in capitalist society.This also implies the difficulty of American society in accepting immigrants,leading to a profound reflection on ethnic issues and an exploration of the root causes of this phenomenon.Proulx’s works can be seen as providing readers with a powerful perspective to discover how immigrants strive to construct a new American collective identity.They shed light on the examination of the racism hidden behind identity,focusing on the harm of racial stereotypes and animosity to individuals and even the nation,prompting people to contemplate the path towards a pluralistic democracy.Therefore,this thesis starts from the perspective of identity and conducts specific textual analysis of the identity dilemmas of immigrants in Proulx’s novels.It explores the challenges of identity faced by immigrants from different cultural backgrounds in adapting to America,how they navigate their identities in a constantly changing environment,how they strive to preserve their original ethnic collective identities,and how they adapt to and construct new collective identities.It examines the factors influencing this process of identity construction.Through deep reflection on the immigrant experience,cultural clashes,and identity construction,a better understanding of the survival status of ethnic minorities in American society,fraught with social exclusion,cultural conflicts,and identity dilemmas,can be achieved.更多还原