【作者】 图门其其格；

【导师】 斯琴；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 新闻与传播（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 文献是积累、贮存文化知识的重要手段。人类文明之所以延绵不断,并逐步发展,其中最重要的原因就是文献资料的积累、贮存。我们现在使用的蒙古文是蒙古族从古至今使用时间最长的一种文字。传统蒙古文文献从13世纪起流传,并数量众多,内容丰富,是蒙古文文化传播最重要的媒介。正如任何语言中先出现应用才有的研究,传统蒙古文正字法也是从传统蒙古文文献应用中概括出来的。18世纪至今的传统蒙古文语言学文献虽已有400多年历史,但不能忽略已有近千年历史的传统蒙古文非语言学文献。新事物的发展总要经历一个从完善到不完善的过程,传统蒙古文辨形写法也在经历着从无到有,从有到优的过程并使用范围越来越广泛,传统蒙古文辨形写法是传统蒙古文文化传播多元化的一重要表现。但现在对于传统蒙古文辨形写法的研究,还停留在举例,缺乏理论解释。而理论的前提是统计分析跨越时空的传统蒙古文文献中出现的辨形写法相关案例,关键是分析传统蒙古文辨形书写语义关系及辨形写法。本文基于13世纪至今的59部文献,将其分为13-17世纪、18-20世纪上半叶、20世纪下半叶至今三个时期,运用统计法、文献内容分析法和比较法,研究不同时期传统蒙古文文献中的辨形书写案例及辨形写法的发展特征。从传播学角度,在各种书面传播媒介语境中探索传统蒙古文正字法的主要内容之一辨形书写原则的演变特征及其发展趋势。论文由绪论、主要内容(第一章、第二章、第三章)、结论三个部分组成。研究结果为:(1)13世纪至今三个时期的传统蒙古文相关词语辨形书写案例共有142组。在三个时期的分布为:8%→38%→54%,表明13-17世纪传统蒙古文文献中辨形写法应用极少,而从18世纪至今蒙古语言学文献中辨形写法的应用越来越广泛。(2)13世纪至今三个时期出现的传统蒙古文广义辨形写法相关词语有53组,在三个时期的分布为:6%→38%→56%。狭义辨形写法相关词语有48组,在三个时期的分布为:4%→27%→69%。未使用辨形写法的相关词语有33组,在三个时期的分布为:12%→46%→42%。不完全辨形书写的相关词语有8组,在三个时期的分布为:25%→75%→0%。13-17世纪传统蒙古文文献中出现的相关辨形写法案例最少,且出现的案例中未使用辨形写法的案例最多。由此可见,13-17世纪传统蒙古文处于探索期,已有辨形书写案例,但出现的辨形书写案例少之又少,并未规范书写。18-20世纪上半叶处于传统蒙古文规范化的过渡期,既有辨形写法案例出现,也有提出辨形书写规则的文献。这时期的不完全辨形词语和未使用辨形写法的出现频率最多,应辨形书写的词语在18-20世纪上半叶蒙古语言学文献中未使用辨形写法书写的或混淆语义的书写比比皆是。20世纪下半叶至今传统蒙古文处于规范期,这时期没有出现不完全辨形写法词语,说明前两个时期中出现的辨形书写案例基本已确定并已提出辨形规则,且尝试把一些历来写错的词语和一些不符合传统蒙古文正字法的词语进行统一规范。(3)13世纪至今三个时期的传统蒙古文辨形语义功能有8种(案例出现频率为序):“口语读音相同语义不同词的辨形”、“书面读音不同语义不同词的辨形”、“读音不同构词成分相同易混淆的词”、“区别基本词和借词的辨形”、“区别普通名词和专有名词的辨形”、“区别已有独立所指的歧义词的辨形”、“区别动词和名词的辨形”、“区别词和附加成分的辨形”等。其中“口语读音相同语义不同词的辨形”和“书面读音不同语义不同词的辨形”在13世纪至今三个时期的传统蒙古文文献中都出现过,并出现的辨形写法案例也最多。(4)13世纪至今三个时期出现的辨形写法共有7种,即“利用延长音节变体的辨形写法”、“利用元音字母变体的辨形写法”、“利用连分书写规则的辨形写法”、“利用辅音字母变体的辨形写法”、“词干和附加成分节点处增写字母的辨形写法”、“减写词干末尾字母的辨形写法”和“利用元音弱化的辨形写法”等。(5)18世纪上半叶至今的语言学文献中出现的相关辨形书写术语共有15个。(6)18世纪上半叶至今的蒙古语言学文献中提出的相关辨形规则有34条。辨形规则在三个时期的分布为:0%→21%→79%,第一时期的传统蒙古文文献是不包括语言学文献的综合性文献,因此未出现辨形书写规则。后两个时期提出辨形书写规则的有《蒙文启蒙》、《蒙文新鉴》、《蒙文诠释》、《现代蒙古语》、《蒙古书面语语法》的二三四卷、《蒙文原理》、《蒙古文正字法词典(第三版)》等7部蒙古语言学文献。(7)13-17世纪传统蒙古文文献和18-20世纪上半叶蒙古语言学文献中没有提出统一规范辨形书写的规则,在20世纪下半叶至今的的蒙古语言学文献中共提出统一规范辨形书写的规则有4条,提出统一规范辨形书写规则的有《蒙文原理》和《蒙古文正字法词典》(第三版)等2个蒙古语言学文献。本文认为,传统蒙古文辨形写法是随着人们思维的细化而产生的一种写法,是文字的基本特征之一,是为丰富蒙古语、发展传统蒙古文书面语不可或缺的方法之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Literature is an important means to accumulate and store cultural knowledge.The most important reason for the continuous and gradual development of human civilization is the accumulation and storage of documents and materials.The Mongolian language we use today is the longest used language of the Mongolian people since ancient times.Traditional Mongolian literature has been circulating since the 13 th century,and it is the most important medium for the dissemination of Mongolian culture.As in any language,traditional Mongolian orthography is summarized from the application of traditional Mongolian literature.Although the traditional Mongolian linguistic literature from the 18 th century to now has a history of more than 400 years,the traditional Mongolian non-linguistic literature with a history of nearly 1,000 years cannot be ignored.The development of new things always goes through a process from perfection to imperfection,and the traditional Mongolian figurative writing is also going through a process from scratch,from good to excellent,and its use is becoming more and more extensive.The traditional Mongolian figurative writing is an important manifestation of the diversification of traditional Mongolian culture.But at present,the study of traditional Mongolian figurative writing is still limited to examples and lack of theoretical explanation.The premise of the theory is to make a statistical analysis of the relevant cases of figurative writing in traditional Mongolian literature across time and space,and the key is to analyze the semantic relationship of traditional Mongolian figurative writing and figurative writing.Based on 59 literatures from the 13 th century to the present,this paper divides them into three periods: from the 13 th century to the 17 th century,from the18 th century to the first half of the 20 th century,and from the second half of the20 th century to the present.By using statistical method,document content analysis method and comparative method,this paper studies the development process of the form discrimination writing cases and form discrimination rules in traditional Mongolian literatures in different periods.From the perspective of communication,this paper explores the evolution and development trend of one of the main contents of traditional Mongolian orthography in the context of written communication.The thesis consists of three parts: introduction,main content(Chapter 1,Chapter 2,Chapter 3)and conclusion.The results of the study are as follows:(1)There are 142 groups of writing cases of traditional Mongolian related words in three periods from the 13 th century to the present.The distribution in the three periods is 8%→38%→54%,indicating that the application of morphological writing in the traditional Mongolian literature from the 13 th century to the 17 th century is very small,but from the 18 th century to the present Mongolian linguistic literature has been more and more widely used.(2)From the 13 th century to the present,there are 53 groups of related words in traditional Mongolian generalized morphological writing,and the distribution in the three periods is: 6%→38%→56%.There are 48 groups of related words in the narrow sense,and the distribution in the three periods is: 4%→27%→69%.There were 33 groups of related words without morphological writing,and the distribution in the three periods was12%→46%→42%.There are 8 groups of related words in incomplete morphological writing,and the distribution in the three periods is25%→75%→0%.In the traditional Mongolian literature from the 13 th to the 17 th century,there are the least cases of relevant morphological writing,and the most cases that do not use morphological writing.It can be seen that the traditional Mongolian script was in the exploratory period from the 13 th to the 17 th century,and there were cases of discernment writing,but there were few cases of discernment writing,and the writing was not standardized.From the 18 th century to the first half of the 20 th century,the traditional Mongolian was in the transition period of standardization,and there were both cases of dialectical writing and documents that put forward the rules of dialectical writing.In this period,the frequency of incomplete and non-figurative writing was the highest,and the words that should be written figuratively were ubiquitous in Mongolian linguistic literature from the 18 th century to the first half of the 20 th century.From the second half of the 20 th century to now,traditional Mongolian has been in the normative period,during which there are no incomplete form words,indicating that the form writing cases in the first two periods have basically been determined and the form rules have been put forward,and attempts have been made to unify some miswritten words and some words that do not conform to the traditional Mongolian orthography.(3)There are 8 kinds of semantic functions of traditional Mongolian in the three periods from the 13 th century to the present(case frequency is in order): "Shape recognition of different words with the same spoken pronunciation","shape recognition of different words with different written pronunciation and different meanings","easily confused words with different pronunciation and the same composition of words","distinguish between basic words and borrowed words","distinguish between common nouns and proper nouns","distinguish between ambiguous words with independent references","distinguish between verbs and nouns","distinguish between words and accessories" The differentiation of the ingredients "and so on.Among them,"the shape discrimination of words with the same spoken pronunciation and different meanings" and "the shape discrimination of words with different written pronunciation and different meanings" have appeared in the traditional Mongolian literature from the 13 th century to the present three periods,and the most cases of shape discrimination writing have appeared.(4)From the 13 th century to the present,there are 7 kinds of morphological writing in three periods.Namely,"Morphological writing using extended syllabic variants","morphological writing using vowel variants","morphological writing using the rule of articulation","morphological writing using consonant variants","morphological writing adding letters at the nodes of the stem and additional components","morphological writing reducing the letters at the end of the stem" and "morphological writing using the weakening of the vowel",etc.(5)There are a total of 15 related morphological writing terms in linguistic literature from the first half of the 18 th century to the present.(6)There are 34 relevant morphological rules in Mongolian linguistic literature from the first half of the 18 th century to the present.The distribution of morphological discrimination rules in the three periods is0%→21%→79%.The traditional Mongolian literature in the first period is a comprehensive literature excluding linguistic literature,so there is no morphological discrimination writing rules.In the latter two periods,seven Mongolian linguistic documents,such as "Mongolian Enlightenment","Mongolian New Jian","Mongolian Interpretation","Modern Mongolian Language","Mongolian Written Language Grammar","Mongolian Principles","Mongolian Orthographic Dictionary(Third edition)",put forward the rules of shape discrimination and writing.(7)There are no unified rules for standardizing figurative writing in traditional Mongolian literature from the 13 th to the 17 th century and Mongolian linguistics literature from the 18 th to the first half of the20 th century,but there are four unified rules for standardizing figurative writing in Mongolian linguistics literature from the second half of the 20 th century to the present.Two Mongolian linguistic documents,such as Mongolian Principles and Mongolian Orthographic Dictionary(3rd edition),put forward the unified and standardized rules for distinguishing shapes and writing.This paper holds that the traditional Mongolian form discernible writing is one of the basic characteristics of characters and an indispensable way to enrich the Mongolian language and develop the traditional Mongolian written language.更多还原