【作者】 马玲；

【导师】 刘鹏；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 应用心理学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 创新是引领发展的第一动力,创造力则是实现创新所必需要具备的重要能力。创造力被定义为产生新颖的和有用的想法的能力,是人类所特有的一种综合性能力,一直以来对人类历史发展和社会变革都起着不可替代的推动作用。然而,万物皆有两面性,创造力也可能存在“阴暗面”即恶意创造力。近年来,随着经济和科技的高速发展,个体的不稳定性和社会环境的复杂性被放大,为达目的,人们不惜进行恶意创造,催生了大量新型的恶性事件、犯罪事件对社会稳定产生了负面的影响。因此,恶意创造力作为创造力的“阴暗面”,应该得到我们的持续关注和重视。本研究基于以上现实背景,采用实验研究方法,目的是在已有研究的基础上,以女性为主要研究主体,继续揭示恶意创造力可能存在的前因变量,并探寻其心理作用机制,建立理论模型。目前,对恶意创造力的研究重心是在探索其影响因素及影响路径(作用机制)上,主要分为环境因素和个体因素。然而,大部分的研究将环境因素和个体因素分开进行探究,少有研究探究同时具备环境和个体要素的变量。由于环境与个体并不是相互独立的,彼此间存在交互作用,因此不应将两者割裂开。与此同时,已有研究缺乏对个体认知因素的关注。基于此,本研究选择了同时具备环境因素和个体因素且强调认知因素重要性的变量即相对剥夺感,而女性个体因其社会背景和现状更易产生相对剥夺感。根据已有文献本研究推测女性个体产生相对剥夺感后能够促进其恶意创造力的表现,内隐攻击性可能在其中起到中介作用并且会受到情绪智力的调节。本研究包括两项实验:实验一招募了63名女大学生,采用改进的虚假反馈法启动实验组被试(31人)的相对剥夺感,控制组(32人)不启动相对剥夺感。随后进行操纵检验,最后两组被试均完成恶意创造力任务。实验一结果表明相对剥夺感能正向预测恶意创造力的伤害性水平和新颖性水平,但对流畅性水平没有显著预测作用。实验二在实验一的基础上加入了内隐攻击性和情绪智力的测量,招募了90名女大学生,分成实验组和控制组(各45人)。所有被试均完成虚假反馈任务、内隐攻击性联想测验和恶意创造力任务。结果表明:(1)相对剥夺感能够正向预测其恶意创造力的伤害性和新颖性表现。(2)相对剥夺感通过提高个体的内隐攻击性进而提高其恶意创造力的伤害性水平;相对剥夺感会提高个体的内隐攻击性水平进而一定程度上抑制其恶意创造力的新颖性表现。(3)情绪智力可以有效调节内隐攻击性的中介效应,表现为有调节的中介效应。本研究根据实验结果得出以下结论:女性个体的相对剥夺感能够正向预测其恶意创造力的伤害性和新颖性表现,内隐攻击性是相对剥夺感影响恶意创造力表现的重要作用路径,情绪智力水平较低的女性个体在启动相对剥夺感后会比未启动相对剥夺感的女性个体表现出更高的内隐攻击性,而情绪智力水平较高的女性个体间差异不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Innovation is the primary driving force leading development,and creativity is an important ability necessary to realize innovation.Creativity is defined as the ability to generate novel and useful ideas.It is a comprehensive ability unique to human beings and has always played an irreplaceable role in promoting human historical development and social change.However,everything has two sides,and creativity can also have a"dark side"that is malevolent creativity.In recent years,with the rapid development of economy and technology,the instability of individuals and the complexity of the social environment have been magnified,which had a negative impact.Therefore,malicious creativity,as the"dark side"of creativity,deserves our continuous attention.Based on the above realistic background,this study adopts the experimental research method.The purpose is to continue to reveal the possible antecedent variables of malicious creativity with women as the main research subject on the basis of existing research,to explore its psychological mechanism and build a theoretical model.At present,the focus of research on malicious creativity is to explore its influencing factors and influencing paths(action mechanism),which are mainly divided into environmental factors and individual factors.However,most studies explore environmental factors and individual factors separately,and few studies explore variables that have both environmental and individual factors.At the same time,existing studies lack attention to individual cognitive factors.Based on this,this study selects a variable that has both environmental and individual factors and emphasizes the importance of cognitive factors,that is,relative sense of deprivation,and female individuals are more likely to have relative sense of deprivation due to their social background and status quo.According to the existing literature,this study speculates that the relative deprivation of female individuals can promote the expression of malicious creativity,and implicit aggression may play a mediating role in it and be regulated by emotional intelligence.This study includes two experiments:In the first experiment,63 female college students were recruited,and the improved false feedback method was used to activate the relative deprivation feeling of the experimental group(31 students),and the control group(32 students)did not activate the relative deprivation feeling.Then the manipulation test was carried out,and finally both groups of subjects completed the malicious creativity task.The results of Experiment 1showed that relative deprivation can positively predict the level of harm and novelty of malicious creativity,but it has no significant predictive effect on the level of fluency.In Experiment 2,the measurement of implicit aggression and emotional intelligence was added on the basis of Experiment 1.90 female college students were recruited and divided into an experimental group and a control group(45 in each group).All subjects completed the False Feedback Task,Implicit Aggressive Association Test and Malicious Creativity Task.The results showed that:(1)The sense of relative deprivation can positively predict the harm and novelty performance of malicious creativity.(2)The sense of relative deprivation increases the level of harmfulness of malicious creativity by increasing the individual’s implicit aggressiveness;the sense of relative deprivation will increase the level of the individual’s implicit aggressiveness and thus inhibit the novelty of its malicious creativity to a certain extent.(3)Emotional intelligence can effectively regulate the mediating effect of implicit aggression,which is shown as a moderated mediating effect.Based on the experimental results,this study draws the following conclusions:the relative sense of deprivation of female individuals can positively predict the harm and novelty of their malicious creativity,and implicit aggression is an important pathway through which relative deprivation affects the performance of malicious creativity.Female individuals with lower levels of emotional intelligence showed higher implicit aggression after triggering relative deprivation than female individuals without relative deprivation,while female individuals with higher emotional intelligence showed no significant difference.更多还原