【作者】 王洋；

【导师】 李强坤；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 水利工程（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着流域水能资源开发和电站数量增加,梯级电站联合调度势在必行。科学制定出契合整个流域用水需求的最佳调度方案,不仅能够提高整体发电效益,还可促进流域的可持续发展。在联合调度中,不同主体间的电站由于调节性能存在差异会产生发电补偿效益,对其进行计算与分配直接影响到联盟的稳定。黄藏寺水库作为黑河流域的关键控制工程,可控制80%的干流来水,与下游电站联合形成7+1工程布局,对流域水资源统一调控起着至关重要的作用。本文以黄藏寺水库在内的电站群为研究对象,综合流域用水需求,开展黑河流域多目标优化调度研究,且针对统一调度后电站间产生的发电效益补偿问题,构建补偿效益界定模型及补偿效益分配模型。本文主要的研究内容如下:(1)针对流域内灌溉、生态、发电要求,构建了农业缺水损失效益最小、生态缺水率最小、梯级发电量最大的黑河流域多目标优化调度模型,在满足“97”分水方案和生态基流等约束条件下,采用NSGA-Ⅲ算法实现模型的高效求解;基于Pareto非劣解方案集,深入探究灌溉效益、生态效益、发电效益之间的相互影响关系。结果表明:在枯水、平水、丰水典型年中呈现出梯级发电量逐渐增加、生态缺水率逐渐减小的趋势,且三个目标相互制约,一个目标的优化导致另外两个目标的劣化。(2)构建水库调度方案综合评价体系,通过层次分析法与熵权法相结合确定综合权重,并借助VIKOR模型评价初选方案集中的各个方案,最终得出最优调度方案。方案如下:径流序列为丰水年时,农业缺水损失效益为2.1293亿元,生态缺水率为0.1564,梯级发电量为27.1509亿kWh;径流序列为平水年时,农业缺水损失效益为0.6097亿元,生态缺水率为0.1887,梯级发电量为23.6489亿kWh;流序列为枯水年时,农业缺水损失效益为3.0840亿元,生态缺水率为1.8396,梯级发电量为18.1703亿kWh。(3)针对黑河流域统一调度中涉及的发电效益补偿问题,基于能值分析理论将梯级电站的发电补偿效益分为净补偿效益和其他补偿效益,构建补偿效益核算模型,以龙首二级电站为代表电站,根据其能值流动数据,编制能值分析表,进而结合当地能值转换率得出的过流水资源生产贡献率计算净补偿效益,结果表明:以平水年最优调度方案为例,梯级电站联合调度产生的补偿效益为20267万kWh,其中净补偿效益为11350万kWh,其他补偿效益为8917万kWh。(4)构建结合Shapley值法和TOPSIS法的多主体水电站联合调度补偿效益分配模型。计算不同组合下的发电效益,并采用Shapley值法得出补偿分配权重,将其与TOPSIS法得出的分配权重相结合,得出最终的分配权重。结果表明:参与梯级联合调度的水电站均获得了比单独运行时更多的发电效益,且所提出的方法公平合理,兼顾了每个电站的贡献和运行特性,有助于增强上下游电站长期合作的意愿,进而提高流域水资源综合利用效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of hydropower resources in the basin and the increase in the number of power stations,the joint dispatching of cascade power stations is imperative.Scientifically formulating the best scheduling scheme that meets the water demand of the whole basin can not only improve the overall power generation efficiency,but also promote the sustainable development of the basin.In the joint scheduling,the power stations between different entities will produce power generation compensation benefits due to differences in regulation performance,and their calculation and distribution directly affect the stability of the alliance.As a key control project in the Heihe River Basin,the Huangzangsi Reservoir can control 80 % of the main stream water,and form a 7+1 project layout with the downstream power station,which plays a vital role in the unified regulation and control of water resources in the basin.In this paper,the power station group including Huangzangsi Reservoir is taken as the research object,and the multi-objective optimal scheduling research of Heihe River Basin is carried out based on the water demand of the basin.Aiming at the problem of power generation benefit compensation between power stations after unified scheduling,the compensation benefit definition model and compensation benefit distribution model are constructed.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1) Aiming at the requirements of irrigation,ecology and power generation in the basin,a multi-objective optimal scheduling model of Heihe River Basin with the minimum loss benefit of agricultural water shortage,the minimum ecological water shortage rate and the maximum cascade power generation is constructed.Under the constraints of ’ 97 ’ water distribution scheme and ecological base flow,NSGA-III algorithm is used to realize the efficient solution of the model.Based on the Pareto noninferior solution set,the interaction between irrigation benefit,ecological benefit and power generation benefit is deeply explored.The results show that the cascade power generation gradually increases and the ecological water shortage rate gradually decreases in the typical years of low water,normal water and high water,and the three objectives restrict each other.The optimization of one objective leads to the deterioration of the other two objectives.(2) The comprehensive evaluation system of reservoir operation scheme is constructed,and the comprehensive weight is determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process with the entropy weight method.The VIKOR model is used to evaluate each scheme in the primary scheme set,and the optimal operation scheme is finally obtained.The scheme is as follows:when the runoff sequence is a wet year,the loss benefit of agricultural water shortage is 212.93 million yuan,the ecological water shortage rate is 0.1564,and the cascade power generation is 2715.09 million kWh;when the runoff sequence is normal year,the loss benefit of agricultural water shortage is 60.97 million yuan,the ecological water shortage rate is 0.1887,and the cascade power generation is 2364.89 million kWh.In the dry year,the loss benefit of agricultural water shortage is 308.40 million yuan,the ecological water shortage rate is 1.8396,and the cascade power generation is 1817.03 million kWh.(3) Aiming at the benefit compensation problem involved in the comprehensive dispatching of Heihe River Basin,the compensation benefit of cascade hydropower stations is divided into net compensation benefit and other compensation benefits based on the emergy analysis theory,and the compensation benefit accounting model is established.Taking Longshou Ⅱ hydropower station as the representative power station,according to its emergy flow data,the emergy analysis table is compiled,and then the compensation benefit is calculated by combining the contribution rate of water resources obtained from the local emergy conversion rate.The results show that:taking the optimal dispatching scheme in normal year as an example,the compensation benefit generated by the joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations is 202.67 million kWh,of which the net compensation benefit is 113.5 milliokWh.Other compensation benefits are 89.17 million kWh.(4) The compensation benefit distribution model of multi-agent hydropower station j oint dispatching combined with Shapley value method and TOPSIS method is constructed.The power generation benefits under different combinations are calculated,and the Shapley value method is used to obtain the compensation distribution weight,which is combined with the distribution weight obtained by the TOPSIS method to obtain the final distribution weight.The results show that the hydropower stations participating in the joint operation of cascade hydropower stations have obtained more power generation benefits than when operating alone,and the proposed method is fair and reasonable,taking into account the contribution and operation characteristics of each power station,which helps to enhance the willingness of long-term cooperation between upstream and downstream power stations,thereby improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water resources in the basin.更多还原