【作者】 张月；

【导师】 侯宇；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,数据在推动经济、社会进步中占据重要地位,是提升国家竞争力的关键。政务数据共享是政府统筹利用政务数据和对数据资源进行利益调整。政务数据共享是政府部门及法律法规授权具有管理公共事务职能的组织在履行法定职责过程中对采集和产生的各类数据在法律规定条件下进行共享的行为。推动政务数据共享,促进政务数据流通,发掘其潜在的社会与经济价值,使政务数据更好地服务于国家政治、经济、文化建设,已成为当下重要的时代命题。我国政务数据共享在中央上历经开始与扩展阶段、满足基础建设阶段以及顶层设计实现政务数据共享目标阶段。这三个阶段不断完善并加强基础设施建设,突破部门和地域限制,整合政务数据资源,基本实现数据之间互联互通。目前,我国因政务数据共享大部分属于顶层设计与统筹规划,缺乏具体的法律规范与制度安排,法律规制原则尚未形成、政务数据权属规定不清晰,共享范围模糊、数据安全保障、隐私数据保护不足等。针对上述问题,本文采用新公共服务理论为实施政务数据共享提供理论支撑并在政府治理中实现,整体性治理理论贯穿政务数据共享整个过程致力于打破政府壁垒和思想桎梏,公民数据权利理论致力于解决政务数据共享过程中的风险并加强防范。推进政务数据共享,完善路径如下:首先,明确政务数据共享法律原则和权力归属是进行政务数据共享法律规制的前提,明确数据质量原则、公开透明原则、安全风险预防原则和隐私保护原则,实现数据安全与利用的平衡;其次,通过明确数据权利归属,确定“国家所有”的权属结构和政务数据权利义务体系,明确政务数据共享范围,能够真正实现政务数据的互联互通;再次,建立健全政务数据监管机制,推进国家层面的共享平台一体化建设、制定安全风险防范机制以及构建政务数据共享绩效考核评估奖惩机制,确保政务数据安全,提高政务数据共享建设质量;最后,完善隐私保护机制,通过确立分类分级保护制度、建立数据共享标准规范和质量安全管理机制、设立多元救济途径,对企业、公民个人数据隐私进行保护,推进政务数据共享高效进行,建设数字法治政府,提高公众满意度、幸福感。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,data plays an important role in promoting economic and social progress and is the key to enhancing national competitiveness.Government data sharing is the government ’s overall use of government data and interest adjustment of data resources.Government data sharing is the behavior of government departments and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs to share all kinds of data collected and generated under the conditions stipulated by law in the process of fulfilling their statutory duties.It has become an important proposition of the times to promote the sharing of government data,promote the circulation of government data,explore its potential social and economic value,and make government data better serve the national political,economic and cultural construction.China’s government data sharing has gone through the beginning and expansion stage,the infrastructure construction stage and the top-level design to achieve the goal of government data sharing.These three stages continue to improve and strengthen infrastructure construction,break through departmental and geographical restrictions,integrate government data resources,and basically achieve interconnection between data.At present,most of the government data sharing in China belongs to the top-level design and overall planning,and lacks specific legal norms and institutional arrangements.The principle of legal regulation has not yet been formed,the provisions on the ownership of government data are not clear,the scope of sharing is vague,data security is guaranteed,and privacy data protection is insufficient.In view of the above problems,this paper adopts the new public service theory to provide theoretical support for the implementation of government data sharing and realize it in government governance.The holistic governance theory runs through the whole process of government data sharing and is committed to breaking government barriers and ideological shackles.The theory of citizen data rights is committed to solving the risks in the process of government data sharing and strengthening prevention.To promote the sharing of government data,the improvement path is as follows:First of all,it is clear that the legal principle of government data sharing and the ownership of power are the premise of the legal regulation of government data sharing.The principle of data quality,the principle of openness and transparency,the principle of security risk prevention and the principle of privacy protection are clarified to achieve the balance between data security and utilization;by clarifying the ownership of data rights,determining the ownership structure of’state ownership ’ and the rights and obligations system of government data,and clarifying the scope of government data sharing,we can truly realize the interconnection of government data;secondly,establish and improve the supervision mechanism of government data,promote the integration of sharing platforms at the national level,formulate security risk prevention mechanisms,and build a government data sharing performance evaluation and evaluation reward and punishment mechanism to ensure the security of government data and improve the quality of government data sharing construction;finally,improve the privacy protection mechanism,through the establishment of classification and classification protection system,the establishment of data sharing standards and quality and safety management mechanism,the establishment of multiple relief channels,to protect the privacy of personal data of enterprises and citizens,promote the efficient sharing of government data,build a digital government under the rule of law,improve public satisfaction and happiness.更多还原