【作者】 陈庆；

【导师】 向燕；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 远程审判是与线下庭审相对应的一种审判方式,是信息技术在审判领域中的渗透。作为一种顺应时代发展的庭审方式,远程审判的适用具有提高诉讼效率、降低诉讼成本以及便于证人出庭作证等多方面的优势,在刑事审判方面发挥了重大作用。然而,我国刑事案件远程审判仍处在探索阶段,采取这种具有试验性质的审判方式也面临着一定的风险和挑战。目前,刑事领域远程审判的适用面临着法律规制不足、庭审效果弱化、当事人权利保障不足以及相关网络技术不完善等多种风险。因此,在当前的背景之下如何完善刑事案件远程审判的不足之处成为值得研究的问题。本文通过对远程审判适用过程中的问题进行分析进而提出完善建议,以期推动刑事案件远程审判的适用与发展。除去引言和结语,本文一共分为四大部分。第一部分以刑事案件远程审判基础理论为开篇,主要介绍刑事案件远程审判发展的社会背景,通过对远程审判与相关概念的辨析对刑事案件远程审判的概念进行界定,并对刑事案件远程审判的特征和价值进行梳理进而明确研究内容。第二部分主要介绍域外国家的相关制度,通过对域外国家有关远程审判的现状进行梳理,总结出域外国家有关远程审判制度的共性以及可供借鉴的经验:一是在正式法律层面明确远程审判的法律地位,彰显了程序法定原则;二是重视远程审判中刑事被告人的权利保障,体现了对人权保障的重视。第三部分是对我国刑事案件远程审判的现状进行考察并对远程审判在我国刑事案件适用的过程中存在的问题进行分析。一方面,通过现有法律规定分析刑事案件远程审判在立法层面的不足之处;另一方面,通过访谈、文书检索以及观看远程审理视频等途径梳理刑事案件远程审判在运行过程中的特点以及存在的问题。具体而言,结合现有立法和司法实践来看,刑事案件远程审判在适用层面仍存在不足之处:一是法律层面依据的缺乏使得刑事案件远程审判适用的合法性遭受质疑;二是适用范围的不明确也使得远程审判的实际适用操作不一;三是远程审判中被告人由于辩护权行使受到限制而导致权利保障不足;四是举证质证活动的开展受制于多种因素而导致庭审效果弱化;五是远程审判中信息网络技术的中断会影响庭审的进行,不利于庭审效果的实现。第四部分主要是针对刑事案件远程审判运行过程中的问题,结合相关域外制度提出完善建议。一是应明确远程审判的合法地位,如从程序法定的角度考虑,可以在法律层面制定相关规范以保证远程审判于法有据。二是应细化远程审判的相关适用规则,如明确远程审判的适用范围以及程序转化机制。三是应强化被告人的权利保障;如可以加强被告人辩护权的保护、保障被告人获得律师帮助的权利以及尊重被告人的程序选择权。四是应保障庭审效果的实现,如可以通过规范证据出示以及完善质证平台等方式促进庭审效果的实现。五是应强化远程审判的信息技术保障,如可以通过提升网络安全性、加强个人信息保护以及建立网络中断应急机制等方式来进行完善,以便促进刑事案件远程审判的有序发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Remote trial is a trial mode corresponding to offline trial,and it is the penetration of information technology in the field of trial.As a court trial mode that conforms to the development of the times,the application of remote trial has many advantages,such as improving litigation efficiency,reducing litigation costs and facilitating witnesses to testify in court,and has played a significant role in criminal trials.However,the remote trial of criminal cases in China is still in the exploratory stage,and this trial method with experimental nature also faces certain risks and challenges.At present,the application of remote trial in the criminal field faces many risks,such as insufficient legal regulation,weakening of court trial effect,insufficient protection of the rights of the parties,and imperfect related network technology.Therefore,in the current context,how to improve the deficiencies of remote trial of criminal cases has become a problem worthy of study.This paper analyzes the problems in the application of remote trial and then puts forward suggestions for improvement in order to promote the application and development of remote trial of criminal cases.Apart from the introduction and conclusion,this paper is divided into four parts.The first part starts with the basic theory of remote trial of criminal cases,mainly introduces the social background of the development of remote trial of criminal cases,defines the concept of remote trial of criminal cases through the analysis of remote trial and related concepts,and combs the characteristics and values of remote trial of criminal cases to clarify the research content.The second part mainly introduces the relevant systems of countries outside the region.By combing the current situation of remote trial in countries outside the region,it summarizes the commonalities of remote trial systems in countries outside the region and the experience that can be used for reference.First,it clarifies the legal status of remote trial at the formal legal level,highlighting the principle of procedural legality;The second is to attach importance to the protection of the rights of criminal defendants in remote trials,which reflects the importance of human rights protection.The third part is to investigate the current situation of remote trial of criminal cases in China and analyze the problems existing in the application of remote trial in criminal cases in China.On the one hand,through the existing legal provisions,it analyzes the deficiencies of the remote trial of criminal cases at the legislative level;On the other hand,through interviews,document retrieval and watching remote trial videos,we can sort out the characteristics and problems of remote trial of criminal cases in the process of operation.In particular,from the perspective of existing legislation and judicial practice,there are still deficiencies in the application of remote trial of criminal cases.First,the lack of legal basis makes the legality of the application of remote trial of criminal cases questioned;Second,the unclear scope of application also makes the actual application and operation of remote trial different;Third,in the remote trial,the defendant’s rights are not guaranteed due to the restriction of the exercise of the right of defense;Fourth,the development of cross-examination activities is subject to many factors,which leads to the weakening of the court trial effect;Fifthly,the interruption of information network technology in the remote trial will affect the progress of the trial,and is not conducive to the realization of the trial effect.The fourth part mainly aims at the problems in the operation of remote trial of criminal cases,and puts forward suggestions for improvement in combination with relevant extraterritorial systems.First,the legal status of remote trial should be clarified.For example,from the perspective of procedural legality,relevant norms can be formulated at the legal level to ensure that the remote trial is based on the law.The second is to refine the relevant applicable rules of remote trial,such as clarifying the scope of application of remote trial and the procedure transformation mechanism.Third,we should strengthen the protection of the defendant’s rights;For example,it can strengthen the protection of the defendant’s right to defense,guarantee the defendant’s right to obtain the assistance of a lawyer,and respect the defendant’s right to choose procedures.Fourth,we should ensure the realization of the court trial effect,for example,we can promote the realization of the court trial effect by standardizing the presentation of evidence and improving the cross-examination platform.Fifth,we should strengthen the information technology guarantee of remote trial,such as improving network security,strengthening personal information protection and establishing network interruption emergency mechanism,so as to promote the orderly development of remote trial of criminal cases.更多还原