【作者】 张慧芳；

【导师】 赵凤青；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 目的本研究的第一个目的是形成青少年报告版正念教养量表并检验其信效度。在此基础上,基于感恩的拓展建构理论和成就动机理论,采用纵向研究方法探究青少年感知到的正念教养对青少年生命意义感的影响及感恩的中介作用和性别差异。方法研究1使用了两个独立的样本。样本一选取了267名中学生(Mage=13.9岁)进行了青少年报告版正念教养初始量表的施测,并进行了项目分析和探索性因素分析;样本二选取了396对青少年-父亲/母亲作为研究对象,以青少年报告的正念,父母报告的正念教养、正念、养育心理灵活性为效标,对青少年报告版正念教养量表进行了验证性因素分析和信效度分析。研究2采用纵向设计,间隔8个月对293名青少年(Mage=13.87岁)施测2次。使用青少年报告版正念教养量表、生命意义感量表以及感恩量表,探究了正念教养对青少年生命意义感的影响及感恩的中介作用和性别差异。结果研究1发现(1)青少年报告版正念教养量表包括20个题目,包括父母自我调节、倾听与觉察以及不评判的接纳3个因子;(2)青少年报告版正念教养量表三因子模型拟合良好;(3)青少年报告版正念教养量表和各维度Cronbach’sα系数在0.74以上,重测信度在0.60以上;(4)青少年报告版正念教养量表具有良好的收敛效度、区分效度以及效标关联效度。研究2发现(1)正念教养显著正向预测了8个月后的青少年人生意义寻求,但是正念教养不能显著预测8个月后的人生意义体验。(2)感恩在正念教养与人生意义寻求之间起纵向中介作用。总效应为0.24,p=0.011,中介效应为0.07,95%CI=[0.02,0.16],占总效应的29.17%。(3)感恩的中介效应存在性别差异。对男生而言,感恩不能中介男生报告的正念教养与人生意义寻求之间的关系,但直接效应显著。而女生感知到的正念教养只能通过促进其感恩进而提升了她们8个月后的人生意义寻求。结论(1)青少年报告版正念教养量表具有良好的信效度,可以作为中国青少年父母正念教养研究的工具。(2)正念教养水平越高,青少年的人生意义寻求程度就越高。但是,正念教养不能预测青少年的人生意义体验。(3)男生和女生感知到的正念教养提升其人生意义寻求的路径不同。只有女生感知到的正念教养通过促进女生的感恩进而提升了她们的人生意义寻求,男生感知到的正念教养可以直接提升他们的人生意义寻求。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectiveThe first purpose of this study was to develop the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report and to test its validity and reliability.On this basis,based on the broaden-and-build theory and achievement motivation theory of gratitude,this study used longitudinal research methods to explore the mechanism of mindful parenting on adolescents’meaning in life,the mediating role of gratitude,and gender differences.MethodsStudy 1 used two samples.Sample 1 selected 267 Chinese adolescents(Mage=13.9 years)as research subjects for the initial Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report,and conducted items analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Sample 2 selected 396Chinese adolescent-parent dyads as research subjects and tested the confirmatory factors analysis and reliability validity of the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report.Mindfulness reported by adolescents,mindful parenting and mindfulness by parents reported,and parenting psychological flexibility were used as criteria.The confirmatory factor analysis,reliability analysis,and validity analysis of the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report were carried out.In study 2,Two hundred and ninety-three Chinese adolescents were tested twice at intervals of 8 months in a longitudinal design.The survey was conducted using the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report,the Meaning in Life Scale,and the Gratitude Scale.The influence of mindful parenting on adolescents’meaning in life,the mediating role of gratitude,and gender differences were explored.ResultsStudy 1 found that(1)the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report included 20items,which were divided into three factors:Parental Self-Regulation,Listening and Awareness,and Non-Judgmental Acceptance;(2)the three-factor model of the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report fit well;(3)Cronbach’sαs of the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report and all dimensions were above 0.74,and the reliabilities of retest were above 0.60;(4)the Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report has good convergence validity,discrimination validity,and criterion-related validity.Study 2 found that(1)mindful parenting significantly positively predicted adolescents’search for meaning in life after 8 months.But mindful parenting could not significantly predict presence of meaning in life after 8 months,both search for meaning in life and presence of meaning in life did not have a significant predictive effect on mindful parenting after 8 months.(2)gratitude played a mediating role between adolescent-reported mindful parenting and the search for meaning in life after8 months.The total effect was 0.24,p=0.011,and the mediating effect was 0.07,95%CI=[0.02,0.16],accounting for 29.17%of the total effect.(3)There was a gender difference in the mediating effect of gratitude.For boys,gratitude did not mediate the relationship between mindful parenting and search for meaning in life.However,the girl-perceived mindful parenting increased their search for meaning in life by promoting their gratitude.Conclusions(1)The Mindful Parenting Scale for Youth Report has good reliability and validity and can be used as a tool for the research on perceived mindful parenting of Chinese adolescents.(2)The higher levels of mindful parenting,the higher degrees of adolescents’searching for meaning in life.However,mindful parenting cannot predict adolescents’presence of meaning in life.(3)Boys and girls perceived mindful parenting as different paths to enhance their search for meaning in life.Only the mindful parenting perceived by girls can promote girls’search for meaning in life by promoting gratitude,while the mindful parenting perceived by boys can directly promote boys’search for meaning in life.更多还原