【作者】 李波；

【导师】 史秀志； 黄沛生；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 在矿山掘进爆破工程中,使用导爆索传爆会耗费大量爆破器材,增加矿山的生产成本。针对上述存在的问题,本文提出了一种利用炸药殉爆特性完成孔内炸药传爆的爆破方法,综合采用理论分析、现场试验、数值模拟和工业实验等研究方法,得到炸药在不同条件下的殉爆距离,并将研究成果成功应用于巷道掘进爆破。本文主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)基于炸药爆轰理论给出了爆炸物参数的计算方式,对炸药冲击起爆热点形成机理进行研究,给出了炸药冲击起爆的判据式和在不同条件下的殉爆距离计算公式。(2)选用直径27mm和35mm乳化炸药,利用不同直径PVC管和铁管进行实验,研究约束条件、不耦合系数、炸药直径等因素对炸药殉爆距离的影响,结果表明约束条件对殉爆距离影响最大,炸药直径对殉爆距离影响最小。(3)使用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对乳化炸药在炮孔中的殉爆情况进行分析,数值模拟结果表明:炸药殉爆距离随着不耦合系数增大而减小,随着药卷长度增加而增加;乳化炸药殉爆临界压力大约在3.64GPa,在不同炸药间隔距离条件下,主发炸药压力从零增长至峰值压力所需时间大概是20μs,峰值压力在5GPa左右;被发炸药达到峰值压力的时间与间隔距离成正相关,当被发炸药完全殉爆时,其峰值压力为4～5GPa,当被发炸药无法殉爆或无法完全殉爆时,其峰值压力小于3.64GPa。(4)进行井下现场实验,研究炸药在炮孔中的殉爆情况,实验结果表明:直径27mm乳化炸药在炮孔中殉爆距离为90cm;直径35mm乳化炸药(每层药卷长度为13.5cm)在炮孔中殉爆距离为100cm;直径35mm乳化炸药(每层药卷长度为27cm)在炮孔中殉爆距离大于100cm。(5)在凡口铅锌矿巷道掘进爆破现场进行工业试验,起爆后,现场未发现残留药卷,炸药可以完全殉爆,巷道壁上孔痕清晰可见,半孔率达到90%以上,开挖断面轮廓规则,巷道成型较好,取得的爆破效果满足了矿山的设计要求。并进行经济技术指标对比,发现每掘进一米,使用殉爆传爆法比导爆索传爆法的爆破成本降低了54.4%,取得了较好经济效益,提高了生产效率,可以为类似的巷道掘进爆破工程提供借鉴。图65幅,表27个,参考文献108篇更多还原

【Abstract】 In the mine excavation blasting project,the use of detonating cords to transmit explosives will consume a lot of blasting materials,increasing the production costs of the mine.Aiming at the above problems,this thesis proposes a use of sympathetic characteristics of the completion of the hole blast method of explosion transmission,comprehensive use of theoretical analysis,field experiments,numerical simulation and industrial experiments and other research methods,to get the explosives in different conditions of the sympathetic distance,and the research results have been successfully applied to the excavation blasting of mine.The main research content and results of this thesis are as follows:(1)Based on the explosive detonation theory gives the calculation of explosive parameters,the mechanism of the formation of explosive impact detonation hot spot research,gives the explosive impact detonation of the criterion formula and the sympathetic distance calculation formula under different conditions.(2)Selection of 27mm and 35mm diameter emulsion explosives,the use of different diameters of PVC pipe and iron pipe for the experiment,the study of constraints,uncoupling coefficients,explosive diameter and other factors on the explosives sympathetic distance,the results show that the constraints has the greatest impact on the sympathetic distance,the explosive diameter of the sympathetic distance has the smallest impact.(3)The use of LS-DYNA numerical simulation software to analyze the sympathetic detonation of emulsion explosives in the blast hole,the results of numerical simulation show that:Distance of sympathetic detonation decreases with increasing uncoupling coefficient and increases with increasing explosive length;emulsion explosives sympathetic detonation critical pressure of about 3.64GPa,in different explosive spacing distance conditions,the main explosive pressure from zero to the peak pressure of the time required to grow to about 20μs,the peak pressure of 5GPa or so;the hair of the explosives to reach the peak pressure of the time with the interval distance is positively correlated with the time to reach the peak pressure of the detonated explosive and when the detonated explosive is sympathetic detonation,its peak pressure is about 5GPa,when the detonated explosive can not sympathetic detonation,its peak pressure is less than 3.64GPa.(4)Underground field experiments to study the sympathetic deto-nation of explosives in the blast hole,the experimental results show that:the diameter of 27mm emulsion explosives in the blast hole sympathetic detonation distance of 90cm;diameter of 35mm emulsion explosives(each layer of explosives is 13.5cm in length)in the sympathetic detonation of the blast hole distance of 100cm;diameter of 35mm emulsion explosives(each layer of explosives is 27cm in length)in the sympathetic detonation distance of the blast hole is greater than 100cm.(5)In the Fankou lead-zinc mine roadway blasting site for industrial testing,after the blasting,the spot did not find residual rolls of explosives,explosives can be completely sympathetic detonation,the hole marks on the roadway wall is clearly visible,the half-hole rate of more than 90%,the excavation profile rules,the roadway molding is better,and the blasting effect achieved to meet the requirements of the use of the mine.And economic and technical indicators for comparison,found that each digging a meter,the use of sympathetic detonation method than the detonating cord explosion method of blasting costs reduced by 54.4%,achieved a better economic efficiency,improve productivity,can be similar to the roadway excavation blasting project to provide reference.更多还原