【作者】 刘恒；

【导师】 万玲玉；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 物理学， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球对可持续能源的需求不断增加,波浪能作为一种重要的可再生能源引起了广泛关注,但是由于波浪能自身频率低、能量密度低以及随机性的特点,有效地捕获并稳定地转化波浪能仍然面临诸多挑战。摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)自提出以来,因其在低频环境中的出色表现,已广泛应用于蓝色能源收集领域,先前的研究大多数都集中在TENG单元的各种结构设计和优化上,忽视了壳体与水波之间的相互作用,且缺乏真实海洋环境下的性能研究。在此,本文提出并系统研究了一种类摆动式混合发电机及其壳体优化策略,优化设计的非对称梯台壳体(ATS)显著增强了海洋环境下的输出频率和器件的能量收集能力,集成的混合发电机器件在真实海洋中有效采集低质量的水波能驱动水质传感器工作。本研究展示了壳体几何结构与发电机协同设计在高性能水波能收集上的应用潜力,主要研究内容和研究成果有:(1)设计了一种类摆动式混合摩擦纳米发电机,将磁力驱动的叠层TENG与电磁发电模块(EMG)耦合,通过优化TENG结构和引入弹簧耦合器,实现了低阈值、高灵敏度的波浪响应。实验室测试结果表明,弹簧优化耦合的混合发电机显著提升输出性能和响应敏感性,启动倾斜角从14°降低到了2°,灵敏度提高6倍。优化参数下,当摆动频率为0.6 Hz和摆动角度为±6°时,叠层TENG的开路电压可达580 V,短路电流69μA,转移电荷1.6μC,并可在360°范围内有效采集不同方向的能量。以三个为一组的集成器件可以在200秒内分别将10 mF、20 mF、30 mF、40 mF和50mF的电容充电至3.81 V、2.50 V、1.86 V、1.49 V和1.22 V,展现了优异的自驱动供电能力。(2)基于有限元仿真与实验验证,提出并实现了一种非对称梯台壳体(ATS),显著提升壳体对于波浪的响应能力。频率0.7 Hz、波高2.3 cm的模拟水波实验表明,相较传统长方体壳体,ATS在三轴方向上的加速度响应分别提升至1.2倍、5.5倍和2.3倍,叠层TENG的开路电压、短路电流及转移电荷量分别为275 V、73μA和1.3μC,最高提升可达1.2倍。除此之外,利用非对称梯台壳体混合发电机(ATS-HG)为不同电容进行有效充电并成功驱动水位报警器和风速仪,为后续真实海洋环境应用提供了理论与实验基础。(3)利用ATS-HG对于波浪具有更高响应度的特点,在真实海洋中进行了性能测试和应用展示。实验结果表明,在有义波高为11.75 cm、有义频率为0.485 Hz的真实海洋中,ATS-HG在x、y、z轴加速度的最概然频率分别达到0.94 Hz、0.73 Hz和0.52 Hz,较海浪频率最高提升0.94倍,其中叠层TENG的开路电压、短路电流及转移电荷量分别为363 V、103μA和1.54μC,较长方体壳体提升最高可达1.1倍,器件响应频率为0.92Hz,为长方体壳体的3.29倍。最终利用ATS-HG成功驱动了水质无线监测系统,验证了壳体与发电机协同设计策略的实际应用潜力。上述研究结果充分证明,通过发电机结构与非对称梯台壳体的协同优化,可以有效提高混合发电机在真实海洋环境中的能量收集性能和响应能力,这为未来实现高效、稳定的波浪能收集与海洋环境监测设备的自供电运行提供了新的设计思路和实际应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 The growing global demand for sustainable energy has positioned wave energy as a critical renewable resource,yet its inherent challenges of low frequency,low energy density,and stochastic characteristics continue to hinder efficient energy capture and stable conversion.Since its inception,triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have demonstrated exceptional low-frequency performance,driving their widespread adoption in blue energy harvesting.However,prior research has predominantly focused on structural optimization of individual TENG units while neglecting wave-body coupling between device shell and water waves,coupled with insufficient validation in real marine environments.This study proposes and systematically investigates a swing-like hybrid generator integrated with an optimized asymmetric trapezoidal shell(ATS).The engineered ATS significantly enhances operational frequency and energy harvesting capacity in oceanic conditions,and the integrated hybrid generator device effectively harvests low-grade water wave energy in real marine environments to power the operation of water quality sensors.This work demonstrates the transformative potential of synergistic housing-generator co-design for high-performance wave energy conversion systems.Major research findings and contributions are as follows:(1)A swing-like hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator was designed by integrating a magnetically driven stacked TENG with an electromagnetic generator(EMG)module.Through structural optimization of the TENG and the incorporation of a spring-coupled mechanism,the system achieved low-threshold activation and high-sensitivity wave response.Laboratory tests demonstrated that the spring-optimized hybrid generator significantly enhanced output performance and response sensitivity,reducing the activation tilt angle from 14°to 2°with a 6-fold improvement in sensitivity.Under optimized parameters with a frequency of 0.6 Hz and angular displacement of±6°,the stacked TENG generated 580 V open-circuit voltage,69μA short-circuit current,and 1.6μC transferred charge while maintaining omnidirectional energy harvesting across 360°.A three-unit integrated device successfully charged 10mF,20 mF,30 mF,40 mF,and 50 mF capacitors to 3.81 V,2.50 V,1.86 V,1.49V,and 1.22 V respectively within 200 seconds,demonstrating exceptional self-powered energy delivery capabilities.(2)An ATS was developed through finite element simulations and experimental validation,significantly enhancing wave-responsive capabilities.Under simulated wave conditions(0.7 Hz frequency,2.3 cm wave height),the ATS demonstrated 1.2-fold,5.5-fold,and 2.3-fold improvements in triaxial acceleration responses compared to conventional cubic shell.The stacked TENG achieved electrical outputs of 275 V open-circuit voltage,73μA short-circuit current,and 1.3μC transferred charge,with maximum enhancement factors reaching 1.2-fold.Furthermore,the ATS-integrated hybrid generator(ATS-HG)effectively charged capacitors and successfully powered water level alarms and anemometers,establishing theoretical and experimental foundations for real marine environment applications.(3)Leveraging the enhanced wave responsiveness of the ATS-integrated hybrid generator(ATS-HG),field performance testing and application demonstrations were conducted in real marine environments.Experimental results under actual sea conditions(significant wave height:11.75 cm,significant wave frequency:0.485 Hz)revealed dominant acceleration frequencies of 0.94 Hz(x-axis),0.73 Hz(y-axis),and 0.52 Hz(z-axis)for the ATS-HG,achieving up to 94%frequency amplification relative to ambient wave motion.The stacked TENG exhibited enhanced electrical outputs of 363 V open-circuit voltage,103μA short-circuit current,and 1.54μC charge transfer,representing 1.1-fold improvement over cuboid configurations.The device demonstrated a response frequency of 0.92 Hz,3.29 times higher than that of cuboid housings.Successful operation of a wireless water quality monitoring system validated the practical application potential of the housing-generator co-design strategy.The experimental results conclusively demonstrate that synergistic optimization of generator architecture with ATS effectively enhances both energy harvesting efficiency and dynamic responsiveness of hybrid generators in authentic marine environments.This co-design strategy establishes critical foundations for developing high-performance wave energy conversion systems and self-powered marine monitoring devices,presenting novel design principles and practical implementation pathways for sustainable oceanographic applications.更多还原