【作者】 陈红星；

【导师】 张立玉；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 使动现象是语言学一个非常重要的研究领域,它涉及到如何通过语言表达某种力量或影响,使得一个主体能够引起另一个主体行动的能力。以往的研究主要集中于语言中的使役构式,特别是使役句式与使役动词这两个方面,二者之间存在着密切的联系。使役动词不仅是使役构式研究的中心,也是英语学习者面临的主要难题之一,因此引发了广泛的学术关注。对使役动词的研究可概括为三大类:词汇使役动词、形态使役动词及使役助动词。Talmy通过施力动态模型和语料库分析,深入探讨了使役动词的语法结构和语义特征,研究重点包括了一系列典型的使役动词,如make,cause,let,have和get。但很少有学者研究过含有这些使役动词的使役构式演变过程,本文旨在Traugott和Trousdale两位学者所定义的历时构式语法框架下,探究英语have使役结构的演变发展。have使役结构作为典型的使役表达,受到语言学领域的广泛关注,属于学界的前沿热点。时彦前贤较少从历时视角对该结构的起源和演变进行系统研究,本文立足于此,以期有所贡献。本文所选语料均来自COCA,HCET,CMEPV,COHA以及OED等欧美大型语料库,并在此基础上,对have使役构式进行深入的分析,拟重点探讨以下三个问题:1)have使役构式有什么样的句法语义特征?2)have使役构式的起源是什么?3)have使役构式经历了什么样的演化进程?研究发现:1)使役构式有两种句法表征形式,第一种“NP₁HAVE NP₂V-ed（NP₃）”,本文称之为使役-结果型,其中补足语位置的V-ed多是动词的过去分词形态;第二种“NP₁HAVE NP₂V（NP₃）”,本文称之为使役-施事型,其补足语位置的V多呈现动词的原形形态。2)have的使役意义可以追溯到古英语时期表目的意义的构式,其句法表现为单句形态,带有论元结构。have此时发生了意义转移,演化出“让、放、拿、保持”等使役意义。3)have使役构式起源于古英语中的单句、没有显性致使标记的目的意义构式,经构式演变和构式化成为现代英语中双句、带有显性致使标记的构式。推动have使役构式演变进程的主要动因是使用频率。本文不仅有助于加深对英语使役构式的理解和认知,也能为使役构式的跨语言研究提供参考,其中对have使役结构的演变过程梳理将会为英语教学提供最直接的语言依据,促进语法教学的延伸与拓展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Causation is a crucial research area in linguistics,involving the expression of force or influence through language,enabling one subject to cause another to act.Historically,scholars have primarily explored causative constructions in language from two perspectives:causative sentence patterns and causative verbs,with a close relationship between them.Notably,causative verbs have been a central focus in the study of causative constructions.Additionally,causative verbs represent a significant challenge for English learners,thereby sparking the interest of language scholars worldwide.Past research on causative verbs has generally categorized them into three types:lexical causative verbs,morphological causative verbs,and causative auxiliary verbs,with extensive research conducted on the latter.Talmy’s use of force dynamic models and corpora to analyze the grammatical structure of causative auxiliary verbs highlights the semantics of causative verbs.This research often centers on prototypical causative verbs,such as make,cause,let,have,and get.However,less attention has been paid to the evolutionary process of the causative construction of these verbs.This thesis is designated to explore the diachronic evolution of the have-causative construction under the framework of Construction Grammar,or to be specific,Diachronic Construction Grammar put forward by Traugott and Trousdale（2013）.As a typical type of causative expressions,the have-causative construction receives intralingual and extralingual attention in abundance,but still leaves potential room for further studies,among which how the have-causative construction is derived diachronically is absolutely a worthwhile topic.In the present thesis,a whole picture of the have-causative construction will be depicted on the basis of examples collected from the corpus of COCA,HCET,CMEPV,COHA and OED.Three key questions are prepared:1)What are the syntactic and semantic features of the have-causative construction?2)What is the origin of the have-causative construction?3)What evolutionary process has the have-causative construction gone through?It is found that:1)the have-causative construction is mainly comprised of two divisions.One is formulated as“NP₁HAVE NP₂V-ed（NP₃）”,carrying a causative-resultative label and generally adopting past participle verbs as complements.The other one is formulated as“NP₁HAVE NP₂V（NP₃）”,carrying a causative-agency label and adopting infinitive verbs as complements;2)Causative meanings ascribed to the have-causative can continuously date back to the appearance of mono-clausal and argument-structure purposive constructions in Old English times when the verb have is employed as a transfer verb encoding“cause to put,take,hold”;3)The have-causative construction goes through a constructional change and constructionalization from mono-clausal,unmarked purposive constructions to bi-clausal,marked constructions with the frequency of use as a main driving force.This thesis furthers the recognition of causative constructions in English and offers a theoretical guidance for studies on causation cross-linguistically.Additionally,the theory of diachronic construction grammar affords a practical strategy for tracing the evolution of the have-causative construction,contributing to the practical understanding and application of English causative constructions in teaching and learning contexts.更多还原