【作者】 吴丹；

【导师】 李明；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的:本研究致力于深入剖析执行功能在复杂认知工作中的核心调控作用,视其为高级认知技巧的重要体现。鉴于不同运动项目对执行功能产生的差异化影响,以及当前运动项目分类标准的缺失,本研究创新性地从动作技能特性角度出发,精心设计了面向大学生的开放性与封闭性动作技能运动干预项目。通过这一研究设计,我们旨在系统探讨这两类运动干预对执行功能的具体影响,进而为优化大学生执行功能提供坚实的理论支撑和切实可行的运动方案。研究方法:选取研究参与者48人,随机分为3组,分别是足球运动组(开放性动作技能运动)、有氧操运动组(封闭性动作技能运动)和对照组。足球和有氧操运动组的每位参与者分别进行30min中等强度有氧运动,2次/周,实验干预持续12周,对照组则进行常规的体育课程,维持原有的生活方式。在运动前、后分别对研究参与者进行执行功能的三个子功能测试,测量方式分别为:抑制功能运用Stroop色词任务进行评价;刷新功能运用2-back任务进行评估;转换功能通过More-odd shifting任务进行评估,执行功能测量程序均通过E-prime3.0系统完成。为了检验执行功能前测数据的同质性,本文采用了SPSS26.0统计分析软件进行了单因素方差分析,对三个不同组别的抑制功能、刷新功能、转换功能前后测数据采用重复测量方差分析,对分析结果数据进行组内及组间效应分析,仔细对比三个组别研究参与者的反应时和正确率变化情况。研究结果:(1)经过为期12周的中等强度有氧运动干预,大学生的整体执行功能得到了显著提升,但在抑制、刷新及转换功能上的促进效果则呈现出不同程度的差异。(2)关于抑制功能反应时,干预前各组别之间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。但经过12周的运动干预,足球组与有氧操组在测试后的表现与干预前相比均有显著提升(P<0.01),而对照组则无明显变化(P>0.05)。从正确率来看,干预后足球组与有氧操组的抑制功能也有显著进步(P<0.05),对照组则依旧无显著差异(P>0.05)。整体来看,对抑制功能的提升效果为:足球组最佳,有氧操组次之,对照组最弱。(3)在刷新功能反应时方面,各组在干预前无显著差异(P>0.05)。干预后,足球组与有氧操组的刷新功能均有显著提高(P<0.01),而对照组则无显著变化(P>0.05)。从正确率来看,足球组在干预后刷新功能有了显著进步(P<0.05),但有氧操组与对照组则无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合评估,足球组在刷新功能上的提升效果最为明显,有氧操组次之,对照组则效果有限。(4)至于转换功能反应时,干预前各组之间并无明显差异(P>0.05)。然而,经过12周的运动干预,足球组与有氧操组在转换功能上的表现均有了显著提升(P<0.01),对照组则无明显变化(P>0.05)。从正确率来看,干预后足球组与有氧操组在转换功能上的进步也均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对照组则无显著差异(P>0.05)。整体来看,足球组在转换功能上的提升效果最为显著,有氧操组紧随其后,对照组则相对较弱。研究结论:(1)12周中等强度的开放性动作技能足球运动和封闭性动作技能有氧操运动干预对大学生执行功能有显著的提升作用,但不同组别间各有差异,体现在抑制和转换功能改善效果较为突出,其中,转换功能的提升效果尽显无疑。(2)开放性运动项目足球组对执行功能的改善效果优于封闭性运动项目有氧操组。(3)开放性运动相对于封闭性运动,对提高大学生的刷新功能水平可能有更显著的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:The aim of this study was to analyse the role of executive functions in the modulation of complex cognitive tasks and to consider them as advanced cognitive skills.Although there are significant differences in the effects of different motor programmes on executive functions,there is no uniform standard for the classification of motor programmes.Starting from the characteristics of motor skills,this study designed an open and closed motor skills exercise intervention programme for university students to explore its effects on executive functions and to provide theoretical support and exercise programmes for their optimisation.Methods:A total of 48 participants were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups:football exercise group(open motor skill exercise),aerobics exercise group(closed motor skill exercise)and control group.Each participant in the football and aerobics exercise groups took different types of 30min moderate intensity aerobic exercise twice a week,and the experimental intervention lasted for 12 weeks,while the control group took regular physical education courses and maintained the original lifestyle.Three sub-functional tests of executive function were performed on the participants before and after exercise,respectively:inhibition function was evaluated using Stroop color word task;The refresh function uses 2-back tasks for evaluation;The conversion function is evaluated by the More-odd shifting task,and the executive function measurement procedure is completed by the E-Prime 3.0 system.In order to test the homogeneity of the executive function pre-test data,we conducted a one-way ANOVA using the SPSS 26.0 statistical analysis software,a repeated measures ANOVA on the pre-test data for the inhibit function,refresh function,and conversion function for the three different groups,and within-group and between-group effect analyses of the analysed resultant data,to carefully compare the changes in response time and correctness of the study participants across the three groups.Results:(1)After a 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention,college students’overall executive functions were significantly improved,but the facilitation effects on inhibitory,refreshing,and transformational functions showed varying degrees of differences.(2)When it comes to inhibitory function responses,there was no significant difference between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05).However,after 12weeks of exercise intervention,both the football and aerobics groups showed a significant improvement in their post-test performance compared to the pre-intervention period(P<0.01),while the control group showed no significant change(P>0.05).In terms of correctness,there was also a significant improvement in inhibition in the football and aerobics groups after the intervention(P<0.05),while the control group remained non-significant(P>0.05).Overall,the effect on the improvement of inhibitory function was the best in the football group,the second in the aerobics group,and the weakest in the control group.(3)In terms of refreshing functional response time,there was no significant difference between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05).After the intervention,there was a significant improvement in the refreshing function in both the football and aerobics groups(P<0.01),while there was no significant change in the control group(P>0.05).In terms of correctness,the football group showed significant improvement in refreshing function after the intervention(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the aerobics group and the control group(P>0.05).In a comprehensive assessment,the football group had the most significant improvement effect on the refreshing function,the aerobics group had the second most significant effect,and the control group had a limited effect.(4)As for the conversion function response,there was no significant difference between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05).However,after 12 weeks of exercise intervention,both the football group and the aerobics group showed a significant improvement in their performance on conversion function(P<0.01),while the control group showed no significant change(P>0.05).In terms of correctness,both the football and aerobics groups also showed a significant level of improvement in conversion function after the intervention(P<0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in the control group(P>0.05).Overall,the football group showed the most significant improvement in conversion function,followed by the aerobics group,while the control group was relatively weak.Conclusions:(1)12-week moderate-intensity open motor skill football exercise and closed motor skill aerobics exercise intervention can significantly improve the executive function of college students,but there are differences among different groups,which are reflected in the more prominent improvement effects of inhibition and conversion function,among which the improvement effect of conversion function is obvious.(2)The improvement of executive function in the open exercise group was better than that in the closed exercise group.(3)Compared with closed exercise,open exercise may have a more significant effect on improving the refresh function level of college students.更多还原