【作者】 林莉；

【导师】 吴立明；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来我国平台经济实现迅速发展,推动基于互联网的零工经济的新业态得以问世,这种依靠互联网平台和数字技术快速精准匹配劳动供需的新型就业形态已经成为当前从业者就业,特别是灵活就业的重要方式。然而,随着零工经济规模的不断扩大,在保障新业态从业者的劳动权益方面也出现诸多挑战。本文通过实证分析法研究新业态从业者的劳动权益保障问题,在具体研究上选择深入南平市延平区21个乡(镇)、街道展开问卷调查,据此收集第一手研究资料并进行归总,再借助EXCELL等软件展开分析,结合相应理论观点来阐述新业态从业者权益保障主要存在的问题,并分析出现这些问题的原因。本文研究发现,主要有以下主要原因:一是适应新业态从业者的法律法规覆盖不足、制度上不兼容、替代上有空白。二是政府监管和治理能力有待加强,尚未建立新业态劳动关系的就业质量监测体系,“多头治理”导致管理主体间的权责交叉与模糊。三是新业态公共就业服务供给不足,现行职业技能培训体系的覆盖面还未能涵盖新兴职业。四是从业者对劳动关系认知模糊,维权意识不足,以及传统工会无法有效发挥作用等。通过借鉴国外新业态从业者劳动权益保障有关经验,探索破解新业态从业者劳动权益保障难点问题,对维护好新业态从业者的劳动权益保障工作提出建议和对策:一是完善适用于新业态从业者劳动权益保障的《劳动法》等相应法律法规,进一步拓宽劳动法的调整范围,将新业态劳动关系这部分内容纳入其中。修订社会保险相关法律法规,在司法上“松绑”劳动关系的认定标准范围。二是构建新业态从业者劳动权益保障的多方机制,优化健全社会保障制度,建立健全社会保障制度和从业者申诉机制,以及完善新业态劳动监管机制等。三是完善公共服务,强化新业态从业者劳动权益保障服务,在创业指导、优化职业等级认定,以及加强对从业者的数字化工具技能培训等方面下功夫。四是发挥工会在保护新业态从业者劳动权益中的积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,China’s platform economy has achieved rapid development,promoting the emergence of new employment forms of Internet-based gig economy,which rely on Internet platforms and digital technology to quickly and accurately match labor supply and demand has become an important way of employment for current practitioners,especially flexible employment.However,with the continuous expansion of the gig economy,there are also many challenges in protecting the labor rights and interests of practitioners in new employment forms.Through empirical analysis,this paper studies the protection of labor rights and interests of practitioners in new employment forms,conducts a questionnaire survey in 21townships(towns)and streets in Yanping District,Nanping City,collects first-hand research data and summarizes it,and then analyzes it with EXCELL and other software.Combined with the corresponding theoretical point of view,this paper expounds the main problems existing in the protection of the interests of practitioners in the new employment form,and analyzes the reasons for these problems.This paper finds that there are mainly the following reasons:First,the laws and regulations to adapt to the new employment form of practitioners are insufficient,the system is incompatible,and there is a gap in substitution.Second,the government’s supervision and governance capabilities need to be strengthened,and the employment quality monitoring system for new employment forms of labor relations has not been established,and"multi-headed governance"has led to the cross and ambiguity of power and responsibility between management subjects.Third,the supply of public employment services for new forms of business is insufficient,and the coverage of the current vocational skills training system has not yet covered emerging occupations.Fourth,practitioners have vague cognition of labor relations,insufficient awareness of rights protection,and traditional trade unions can not play an effective role.By referring to foreign experience in protecting the labor rights and interests of practitioners in new employment forms,this paper explores and solves the difficult problems in protecting the labor rights and interests of practitioners in new employment forms,and puts forward suggestions and countermeasures for safeguarding the labor rights and interests of practitioners in new employment forms:First,improve the Labor Law and other relevant laws and regulations applicable to the protection of labor rights and interests of practitioners in new forms of business,further expand the scope of adjustment of labor law,and include the content of labor relations in new forms of employment.The relevant laws and regulations on social insurance shall be revised,and the scope of standards for the identification of labor relations shall be"loosened"judicially.The second is to build a multi-party mechanism for the protection of labor rights and interests of practitioners in new forms of business,optimize and improve the whole social security system,establish and improve the social security system and the complaint mechanism of practitioners,and improve the labor supervision mechanism of new forms of business.The third is to improve public services,strengthen the protection of labor rights and interests of practitioners in new forms of business,and work hard in entrepreneurship guidance,optimize the identification of professional grades,and strengthen the training of digital tools for practitioners.Fourth,trade unions should play an active role in protecting the labor rights and interests of practitioners in new forms of business.更多还原