【作者】 刘灿；

【导师】 张谡；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 杰克·伦敦(1876-1916)是美国著名现实主义作家,他的第一部短篇小说集《狼之子》以北部荒原为背景,生动描绘了19世纪末期美国社会转型下淘金者们在极端环境中的生存与斗争,呈现了淘金热时期男性群体对回归荒原的渴望和男性气质危机带来的普遍焦虑。目前,国内对伦敦作品中男性气质的研究相对较少,大部分成果集中在伦敦作品中的荒原意识、生态批评和性别观研究。本文基于康奈尔的支配性男性气质理论,采用大量阅读法和文本细读法,揭示支配性男性气质如何在种族、性别和自然的交汇点上塑造并维系权力结构。男性气质是指在特定社会文化中被视为男性的特质和行为,它通过社会实践、文化和历史建构而形成。支配性男性气质在性别权力动态中最为显著,它是有流动性特质的非固定概念,在群体实践或者个人实践中通过对他者(包括女性、非支配性气质的男性等)的排斥,通过政治经济和文化的社会性压迫,来巩固部分男性在性别秩序中的主导地位。为了探讨《狼之子》中支配性男性气质的塑造与构建,本文提出以下研究问题:一、支配性男性气质在小说集《狼之子》中是如何表现的?二、小说集《狼之子》中支配性男性气质的构建过程如何受到种族、性别与自然的挑战与影响?三、杰克·伦敦如何通过小说集《狼之子》反思和尝试解构支配性男性气质?研究发现,小说集《狼之子》设定在非白人男性居住的荒原之中,其支配性男性气质通过白人男性和土著男性的种族实践、男性和女性的性别实践、男性个体在荒原场域中的自然实践三重互动过程中塑造。首先,在种族实践中,白人淘金者通过对土著资源的掠夺以及对社会性别秩序的操控,在荒原地带建立了霸权,展现了以征服与支配为核心的支配性男性气质;其次,在性别实践中,女性显现出支配性男性气质中的三重参与模式:通过崇拜巩固男性权威的痴迷者、通过自我约束维护男性尊严的规训者和通过抗争揭示支配性气质脆弱性的反抗者;最后,在自然实践中,男性个体通过回归传统开拓精神中的品质:勇敢,冒险和自由来适应荒野环境,他们通过不停地开拓踏上旅途的方式对抗自然,并从中塑造自己的支配性男性气质。此外,伦敦通过死亡、失败与同情等情节,剖析了男性气质与个体情感的冲突,进一步揭示了支配性男性气质的脆弱性与局限性,为解读性别、种族与生态关系提供了新的视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jack London(1876-1916)was a renowned American realist writer.His first collection of short stories,The Son of the Wolf,is set in the Northern wilderness and vividly depicts the survival and struggle of the gold seekers in extreme environments during the transformation of American society at the end of the 19th century.There have been few studies conducted on the subject of masculinity in London’s works within China,with the majority of extant research focusing on the study of wilderness consciousness,ecocriticism,and gender perspective in London’s works.The present study,utilizing Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity,seeks to reveal how hegemonic masculinity shapes and sustains power structures at the intersections of race,gender,and nature.Masculinity is defined as the set of traits and behaviors that are regarded as masculine within a specific socio-cultural context.The concept of hegemonic masculinity is most evident in gendered power dynamics,where it manifests as a non-fixed concept with fluid qualities that entrench the dominance of some men in the gender order through the exclusion of the Other(including women,non-dominant males,etc.)in group or individual practices,and through socially-engendered oppression of the political economy and culture.To explore the shaping and construction of hegemonic masculinity in The Son of the Wolf,this dissertation poses the following research questions:Firstly,how is hegemonic masculinity expressed in The Son of the Wolf?Secondly,how is the process of constructing hegemonic masculinity in The Son of the Wolf challenged and affected by nature,gender,and race?Thirdly,how does Jack London reflect on and try to deconstruct hegemonic masculinity through The Son of the Wolf?The novella collection The Son of the Wolf is set in a wilderness inhabited by non-white males,and its hegemonic masculinity is shaped through the triple interactive process of the racial practices of white males and Indigenous males,the gendered practices of males and females,and the natural practices of individual males in the wilderness field.Firstly,in the context of racial practices,white gold miners established hegemony over the wilderness through the plunder of indigenous resources and the manipulation of the gender order,thereby demonstrating a hegemonic masculinity centered on conquest and domination.Secondly,in gender practices,females revealed a three-fold mode of participation in hegemonic masculinity:the obsessive,who consolidates male authority through adoration;the self-regulator,who upholds male dignity through worship;and the resistant,who reveals the vulnerability of hegemonic masculinity through resistance.Finally,in nature practices,individual males adapted to the wilderness environment by returning to the qualities of traditional pioneering spirituality:bravery,adventure,and freedom.In addition,London dissects the conflict between masculinity and individual emotions through episodes of death,failure,and sympathy,further revealing the fragility and limitations of hegemonic masculinity and providing new perspectives for interpreting gender,race,and ecological relations.更多还原