【作者】 刘瑜；

【导师】 刘雪华；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 行政管理， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 乡村振兴战略推动了农村经济发展,但生活垃圾治理问题日益突出,成为全面振兴的关键挑战。这不仅影响农民健康和脱贫成果巩固,还关乎美丽中国建设。改变“脏乱差”现状,需政策高效执行。本研究以L镇为例,聚焦农村生活垃圾政策执行中的阻滞性问题,并提出减弱执行阻力的路径。研究采用马特兰德的“模糊-冲突”模型,并对其进行适应性修正,赋予其动态分析能力,以解释政策执行中由于执行模式转换带来的执行阻滞。同时,结合压力型体制理论和协同治理理论,构建分析框架,对L镇政策执行的不同阶段进行结构化分析。研究发现,L镇的政策执行经历了三个阶段:初期为行政性执行模式,执行主体采取分步实施与择易而行的策略;中期表现为象征性执行与政治性执行的周期性转换,象征性执行源于高模糊与高冲突下的压力驱动与利益权衡,政治性执行则源于上级考核压力与基层政府的注意力倾注;后期转向基于资源整合与主体协同的试验性执行,但在流动人口这一关键变量的影响下,政策执行模式依旧会反弹至象征性执行模式。本文认为,政策执行模式的转变源于不同阶段的支配因素变更情况。行政性执行转向象征性执行是因为政策的“硬骨头”部分浮现,象征性执行与政治性执行的周期交替则源于基层政府处于科层与基层社会的双重压力夹缝中。在象征性执行模式之下,L镇农村生活垃圾治理政策执行浮于表面,无法真正落实,而转向试验性执行后,得益于各主体的协同共治与资源的有效整合,政策执行的堵点得以打通。由于流动人口这一关键变量带来的农村生活垃圾治理供需失衡,其所产生的试验性执行与象征性执行间的周期循环现象则又导致了当地政策的执行阻滞。为促进政策从执行阻滞向治理有效转变,本文认为,优化资源配置与激励机制、强化政策宣传与公众参与、完善压力回应与考核机制并构建起多元协同治理的模式是实现政策执行长期稳定与有效的出路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The comprehensive advancement of the rural revitalization strategy has significantly boosted the development of the rural economy and substantially improved the living standards of farmers.However,the issue of rural domestic waste management has become increasingly prominent,emerging as a critical challenge to the overall revitalization of rural areas.This issue not only concerns the health and well-being of farmers and the consolidation of poverty alleviation achievements but also impacts the broader framework of building a beautiful China.To change the current "dirty,chaotic,and poor" state of rural areas,the efficient implementation of policies is crucial.This study takes L Town as a case,focusing on the obstructive issues in the implementation of rural domestic waste management policies and proposing pathways to reduce implementation resistance.The research employs Matland’s "ambiguity-conflict" model,adaptively revising it to endow it with dynamic analytical capabilities,thereby explaining implementation blockages arising from shifts in execution modes.Additionally,by integrating pressure-based system theory and collaborative governance theory,an analytical framework is constructed to conduct a structured analysis of the different stages of policy implementation in L Town.The study finds that the policy implementation in L Town has gone through three stages:initially,an administrative execution mode was adopted,where the implementing bodies employed a step-by-step and selective approach;in the mid-term,it exhibited a cyclical shift between symbolic and political execution modes,with symbolic execution driven by pressure and interest balancing under high ambiguity and conflict,and political execution stemming from upper-level assessment pressures and the focused attention of grassroots governments;in the later stage,it shifted to an experimental execution mode based on resource integration and actor collaboration,yet,influenced by the key variable of the floating population,the policy execution mode still reverted to symbolic execution.This paper argues that the shifts in policy execution modes are due to changes in dominant factors at different stages.The transition from administrative to symbolic execution occurs as the "hard nuts" of the policy emerge,while the cyclical alternation between symbolic and political execution arises from grassroots gov ernments being caught between the dual pressures of bureaucracy and grassroots society.Under the symbolic execution mode,the implementation of rural domestic waste management policies in L Town remains superficial and fails to be genuinely effective.However,after shifting to experimental execution,thanks to the collaborative governance of various actors and effective resource integration,the bottlenecks in policy implementation are resolved.Due to the imbalance in supply and demand for rural domestic waste management caused by the key variable of the floating population,the cyclical phenomenon between experimental and symbolic execution modes leads to implementation blockages.To promote a transition from implementation blockages to effective governance,this paper suggests that optimizing resource allocation and incentive mechanisms,strengthening policy advocacy and public participation,improving pressure response and assessment mechanisms,and establishing a multi-collaborative governance model are the pathways to achieving long-term stability and effectiveness in policy implementation.更多还原