【作者】 刘琦；

【导师】 唐恒照；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 公共管理， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 党的二十大报告指出,要全面推进乡村振兴,坚持农业农村优先发展,扎实推动乡村文化、生态振兴,进一步指明了乡村治理的主要方向。作为推进国家治理体系和能力现代化的基础,乡村治理对巩固基层党组织领导、满足人民生产及生活需要、实现乡村振兴有其重要作用。但新时期,乡村地区复杂的乡土文化与公众日益多元的需求成为基层治理的挑战,以往强调规范的刚性策略难以实现治理目标。在此基础上,治理主体在开展治理活动的过程中,可以充分挖掘柔性治理因素,将柔性治理资源与手段下沉至农村场域,破解传统的刚性治理带来的乡村治理困境。本研究即以柔性治理为理论视角研究街头官僚如何突破乡村治理的瓶颈,纾解治理难题,以期助推乡村治理效能、提升乡村治理体系与治理能力现代化。从柔性治理理论出发,街头官僚在乡村治理过程中倾向于通过诱导、调和、温情相结合的行动策略,体现出街头官僚在礼俗社会情境下处理村庄事务时对人情、脸面、关系网络等社会资本的依赖。从实现乡村善治的角度而言,这种行动策略仍有待完善之处。本研究以沂水县Y村殡葬改革为分析对象,以治理主体和治理对象两种角色在改革不同阶段的博弈为切入点,分析治理对象面对殡葬改革的反应及治理主体采取何种相应地行动策略;在此基础上,梳理街头官僚柔性治理行动策略的治理结果、行为逻辑等要素,探索Y村殡葬改革过程中街头官僚的行动逻辑及存在的问题。分析发现,街头官僚通过脸面、人情、经济与情感补偿等社会资本推进改革进程,并试图借助政策规定等正式治理资源约束村民行为,最终推进殡葬改革政策落地,达成了改革预期目标。在深入分析实践进程后,本文发现治理策略作用于村民时,也会存在政策内容对村民的约束软化、关系网络的使用导致改革效果难以巩固、治理规则失灵等困境,这也说明现阶段柔性治理存在街头官僚权威弱化、治理结果公平缺失、多阶段博弈导致治理成本增加的多维限度。从Y村殡葬改革案例中探索街头官僚柔性治理行动策略可借鉴的治理意义,使柔性治理更好地发挥作用,需要对柔性治理的实施原则与具体路径进行优化,基于此,本文从治理效率与结果公平正义并存、发挥“五治融合”的整体性功能以及多元主体治理优势三个方面提出柔性治理行动策略的改进建议,以期破解柔性治理的行动限度,更好应对复杂的农村场域,进一步提升乡村治理效能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the need to comprehensively promote rural revitalization,adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas,and solidly promote the revitalization of rural culture and ecology,further pointing out the main direction of rural governance.As the foundation for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and capacity,rural governance plays an important role in consolidating the leadership of grassroots party organizations,meeting the production and living needs of the people,and achieving rural revitalization.However,in the new era,the complex local culture in rural areas and the increasingly diverse needs of the public have become challenges for grassroots governance.The rigid strategies that emphasized norms in the past are difficult to achieve governance goals.On this basis,in the process of carrying out governance activities,governance entities can fully tap into the factors of flexible governance,sink flexible governance resources and means to the rural field,and solve the rural governance difficulties brought about by traditional rigid governance.This study takes flexible governance as the theoretical perspective to study how street bureaucrats can break through the bottleneck of rural governance,alleviate governance difficulties,and promote the efficiency of rural governance,enhance the modernization of rural governance system and governance capacity.Starting from the theory of flexible governance,street bureaucrats tend to adopt a combination of induction,mediation,and warmth in the process of rural governance,reflecting their dependence on social capital such as human emotions,face,and relationship networks when dealing with village affairs in the context of etiquette and customs.However,this new strategy still cannot fully cope with the new era of rural governance.This study takes the funeral reform in Y Village,Yishui County as the analysis object,and takes the game between the governance subject and the governance object at different stages of the reform as the entry point.It analyzes the response of the governance object to the funeral reform and the corresponding action strategies adopted by the governance subject;On this basis,the governance results and behavioral logic of the flexible governance action strategy of street bureaucrats are sorted out,and the action logic and existing problems of street bureaucrats in the Y village funeral reform process are explored.Analysis has found that street bureaucrats promote the reform process through social capital such as facial recognition,human relationships,economic and emotional compensation,and attempt to use formal governance resources such as policy regulations to constrain the behavior of villagers.Ultimately,they promote the implementation of funeral reform policies and achieve the expected goals of the reform.After in-depth analysis of the practical process,this article found that when governance strategies are applied to villagers,there are also difficulties such as policy content softening the constraints on villagers,the use of relationship networks making it difficult to consolidate the reform effect,and the failure of governance rules.This also indicates that flexible governance currently has multidimensional limitations such as weakened authority of street bureaucrats,lack of fairness in governance results,and increased governance costs caused by multi-stage games.Exploring the governance significance of flexible governance action strategies for street bureaucrats from the Y village funeral reform case,in order to better play the role of flexible governance,it is necessary to optimize the implementation principles and specific paths of flexible governance.Based on this,this article proposes improvement suggestions for flexible governance action strategies from three aspects:the coexistence of governance efficiency and fairness,the overall function of"five governance integration",and the advantages of multi subject governance,In order to break through the action limits of flexible governance,better respond to complex rural areas,and further enhance the efficiency of rural governance.更多还原