【作者】 杨龙；

【导师】 杨钧期；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 中国近现代史基本问题研究， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 新中国成立前后,中国共产党在广大新解放区普遍开展了一场大规模的旨在肃清土匪、特务和反对恶霸地主的运动,即“清匪反霸运动”。贵州,作为新中国成立后才获得解放的省份,自然不例外地开展了这场运动。新中国成立初期,贵州清匪反霸运动是党领导贵州人民巩固政权、重构社会秩序的重要历史实践。贵州解放初期,由于政治的、历史的原因,由于特殊的地理环境以及封建势力的顽固性等因素,省内发生了大规模匪霸动乱。这一时期,匪霸群体主要包括政治土匪(国民党残余武装、地方恶霸武装等)、惯匪、游杂武装、会道门为匪四类。他们通过散布谣言、劫掠、暴力统治等手段,导致民生凋敝、社会失序。在此背景下,清匪反霸运动已成为巩固新生贵州政权、推进减租退押征粮、重构乡村社会秩序、促进民族团结的必然选择。对于“清匪反霸”,党中央做出了一系列指示和部署。贵州省委在坚决贯彻党中央、西南局指示的基础上,制定了一套符合地区实际的方针政策,从根本上保障了运动的正常开展。贵州清匪反霸运动遵循“军事打击、政治瓦解、发动群众”的方针,分阶段有序推进。1950年1月至5月,通过军事准备与初步剿除匪霸,稳定包括省会贵阳市在内的腹心地区;6月至8月,集中兵力对重点区域展开合围,瓦解匪霸主力;9月至12月转入“全面清剿匪霸”阶段,结合“清匪、反霸、减租、退押、征粮”五大任务,对匪霸展开斗争;1951年后,针对罗甸等边沿区匪霸实施会剿,同时持续清剿省内残匪,至1953年运动结束。由于中国共产党的正确领导、人民解放军的英勇作战、人民群众的鼎力支持以及其他社会阶层人士的帮助,贵州清匪反霸运动取得完全胜利,剿灭了匪患,从政治上和经济上打垮了地主阶级。此外,通过充分宣传动员,提高了人民群众的政治意识和主人翁意识。同时促进了贵州农业、工商业的发展;促进了民族团结;为同一时期开展的土地改革运动奠定了政权、组织、人员基础以及以民兵为主要力量的农民武装。对新中国成立初期贵州清匪反霸运动进行梳理分析和经验总结,启示我们在新时代开展“扫黑除恶”专项斗争应该坚持党的集中统一领导;坚持综合考虑以促进全局发展;根据实际情况灵活施策;同时还要坚定不移走群众路线。更多还原

【Abstract】 Before and after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Communist Party of China(CPC)launched a large-scale campaign aimed at eliminating bandits,spies,and opposing the tyrannical landlords in the vast newly liberated areas,that is,the"anti-hegemony movement."Guizhou,as a province that was liberated only after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,naturally carried out this campaign without exception.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the anti-hegemony movement in Guizhou was an important historical practice for the party to lead the people of Guizhou to consolidate political power and reconstruct social order.In the early days of the liberation of Guizhou,due to political and historical reasons,due to the special geographical environment and the stubbornness of the feudal forces,large-scale bandit turmoil occurred in the province.During this period,the bandit groups mainly included four categories:political bandits(the remnants of the Kuomintang armed forces,local bully armed forces,etc.),habitual bandits,wandering miscellaneous armed forces,and Huidaomen bandits.Through spreading rumors,looting,and violent rule,they have led to the withering of people’s livelihood and social disorder.Against this background,the anti-bandit and anti-hegemony movement has become an inevitable choice for consolidating the new Guizhou regime,promoting rent reduction,retiring mortgages,requisitioning grain,reconstructing rural social order,and promoting ethnic unity.With regard to"eliminating bandits and opposing hegemony,"the CPC Central Committee has made a series of instructions and arrangements.On the basis of resolutely implementing the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Southwest Bureau,the Guizhou Provincial CPC Committee formulated a set of principles and policies that are in line with the actual conditions of the region,thus fundamentally guaranteeing the normal development of the movement.The anti-bandit and anti-hegemony campaign in Guizhou followed the principle of"military strikes,political disintegration,and mobilization of the masses"and was carried out in stages and in an orderly manner.From January to May 1950,through military preparations and the initial eradication of bandits,the hinterland of the province,including the provincial capital of Guiyang,was stabilized.From June to August,it concentrated forces to encircle key areas and disintegrate the main force of bandits;From September to December,it was transferred to the stage of"comprehensively eliminating bandits",and combined with the five major tasks of"clearing bandits,opposing hegemony,reducing rents,returning detainees,and requisitioning grain"to fight against bandits;After 1951,the bandits in Luodian and other border areas were suppressed,and at the same time,the remnants of bandits in the province were continuously eliminated until the end of the movement in 1953.Thanks to the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China,the heroic fighting of the People’s Liberation Army,the strong support of the masses of the people,and the help of people from other social strata,Guizhou’s anti-bandit and anti-hegemony movement won a complete victory,eradicated the bandits,and defeated the landlord class politically and economically.In addition,through full propaganda and mobilization,the political consciousness and sense of ownership of the masses of the people have been enhanced.At the same time,it has promoted the development of agriculture,industry and commerce in Guizhou;promoted national unity;The agrarian reform movement carried out during the same period laid the political,organizational,and personnel foundations,as well as the peasant armed forces with the militia as the main force.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,this paper analyzes and summarizes the experience of Guizhou’s anti-bandit and anti-hegemony movement,and enlightens us to adhere to the party’s centralized and unified leadership in carrying out the special struggle of"sweeping away gangsters and eliminating evil"in the new era;insist on comprehensive consideration to promote overall development;Flexible implementation of policies according to the actual situation;At the same time,we must unswervingly follow the mass line.更多还原