宋代城市路政法律规范研究

【作者】 陈茜；

【导师】 陈灵海；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 两宋时期是古代中国社会政治经济和文化都飞速发展的时期。在宋代,城市蓬勃发展,商业变得繁荣,人口不断聚集,路政方面相关的问题也逐渐产生,研究路政法律规范对整个历史领域和城市管理领域都有重大的价值。城市路政法律规范作为城市管理里关键的制度载体,它体现出城市化进程中那些复杂的需求,还塑造出独特的公共空间治理模式,本文把宋代的城市路政法律规范当作研究对象,综合运用法制史、城市史、社会史等多个学科的方法,凭借系统梳理《宋刑统》《庆元条法事类》等法律文本以及《宋会要辑稿》《名公书判清明集》等文献史料,再结合考古发现与空间分析,去探讨宋代路政法律规范的生成逻辑、制度架构、实践效能以及其历史影响。本文一开始从社会、政治、文化这三个维度来剖析宋代城市路政的历史背景,指出商品经济发展、城市空间扩张和市民阶层崛起给路政管理带来的新挑战,城市道路从只有单一的交通功能朝着商贸、社交复合功能转变,这就催生了侵占街道、交通堵塞等矛盾,接着推动宋代构建起以中央立法为主导、地方性法规作为补充的立体化法律体系。聚焦路政法律规范的制定机制,揭示宋代凭借专门机构比如工部、街道司和动态立法程序敕令、编敕形成的“法典——敕令——地方法”三级立法体系,并且阐释“路权保障”“行车则例”等核心规条对公共空间权利分配的规制逻辑,然后从督察惩处、巡检稽察、庶众监督这三个层面还原法律实施过程,论证宋代依靠专业化巡检制度、违法营建追责机制以及“许人告捉”等民众参与设计,实现了法律规范从文本到实践的转化。凭借比较分析与历时性考察,提炼宋代路政法律规范“因时立制”“官民共治”“技术标准化”等特点,指出它保障了东京、临安等百万人口城市的交通秩序,还在路产保护、肇事追偿等制度中彰显法理创新,为元明清路政制度提供范本,也对现代城市治理中公共空间立法与多元共治有启示意义。本文创新之处在于打破传统法律史研究单一维度,首次系统搭建宋代城市路政法律规范框架,揭示其“制度——空间——社会”互动机制,为理解中国古代城市治理法治化进程提供全新视角,还为当代城市化进程中的权权分配、交通立法以及公共空间管理给予历史方面的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Song Dynasty was a key period of rapid development in the political,economic and cultural fields of ancient China.In this particular historical stage,cities showed a prosperous scene,commercial activities were also very prosperous,and a large number of people concentrated in cities,so various problems related to road management gradually emerged.The research on the legal norms of road governance has a very critical value for both historical research and urban management research.The legal norms of urban road management are the key institutional framework in urban governance,reflecting various complex needs in the process of urbanization and shaping a unique public space governance model.This paper takes the legal norms of urban road management in Song Dynasty as the object of study.The research method of law history,urban history,social history and other disciplines is adopted.Based on a systematic analysis of legal texts such as Song Xingtong Criminal Code and Qingyuan Tiao Law,this paper also combines historical documents such as Song Hui Summary and Ming Gong Shu Pan Qingming Ji,and combines archaeological findings with spatial analysis to explore the formation logic and institutional structure of ancient Chinese society.And the efficiency and historical influence of the road administrative laws and regulations in the Song Dynasty.This paper first studies the historical background of urban road governance in the Song Dynasty from three aspects:society,politics and culture.It especially emphasizes how the development of commodity economy,the continuous expansion of urban space and the rise of citizen class brought new challenges to road governance.Urban roads no longer only serve the function of traffic,but are transformed into a space with multiple functions such as commercial and social interaction.This leads to conflicts such as street encroachment and traffic congestion.These pressures led the Song government to establish a three-dimensional legal system with central legislation as the core and local regulations as the supplement.This paper focuses on the mechanism of making road management laws,pointing out the three-level legislative framework of"statute law,edict and local regulations"established by specialized agencies such as the Public Works and Street Administration,and dynamic legislative processes such as decrees and compilation regulations.This paper also explains the regulatory logic of core provisions such as"road rights protection"and"traffic regulations"in governing the allocation of public space.This study reconstructs the implementation process of legal norms from three different dimensions:supervision and punishment,inspection and investigation,and public supervision,and shows how the Song Dynasty realized the transformation of legal norms from text level to practice level with the help of professional inspection system,accountability mechanism for illegal buildings,and public participation in the design of"authorized civil reporting".Through comparative analysis and diachronic examination,the study identifies distinctive features of Song road administration legal norms,including"temporal adaptability in institution-building,""collaborative governance between officials and civilians,"and"technical standardization."These innovations not only ensured traffic order in metropolises like Dongjing(Kaifeng)and Lin’an(Hangzhou)but also manifested jurisprudential advancements in road property protection and accident compensation systems.Serving as a model for subsequent dynasties(Yuan,Ming,and Qing),these norms offer insights for modern urban governance in public space legislation and pluralistic co-governance.The originality of this study lies in transcending the unidimensional approach of traditional legal history research.It systematically constructs the first comprehensive framework for Song urban road administration legal norms,unveiling their"institution-space-society"interaction mechanisms.This provides a fresh perspective for understanding the legalization process of ancient Chinese urban governance while offering historical references for contemporary challenges in road rights allocation,traffic legislation,and public space management during urbanization.更多还原