【作者】 李萍；

【导师】 白平则；

【作者基本信息】 山西师范大学 ， 社会学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,人民生活质量的提升,不仅仅在于物质文明的丰富,更在于精神文明的和谐与安宁,人们也越来越多地将关注点放在幸福感问题上,因此,对幸福感的研究已经成为了社会科学领域的一个关键研究方向。个体工商户的工作动力、效率、心理健康水平都会受到主观幸福感的影响,甚至会进一步影响商业服务质量乃至整个社会的商业发展。所以,探究影响个体工商户幸福感的因素,对于提升商业服务的品质、促进个体户经营者的心理健康和生活品质等方面具有极其重要的价值。在社会因素的范畴内,社会支持是影响个体幸福感的一个受到广泛关注的重要因素,在影响主观幸福感的个体因素方面,自我效能感正逐渐成为学者们关注的焦点。然而,目前,尚无充分研究探讨社会支持与自我效能感之间的联系,以及自我效能感是否作为中介变量,在社会支持如何影响个体工商户的主观幸福感中发挥作用。本项研究深入探讨了社会支持、自我效能感以及个体工商户的主观幸福感之间的相互关系,可以扩展对个体工商户幸福感影响因素的理论认识。本研究结合访谈调查法和问卷调查法,旨在探讨个体工商户的主观幸福感现状及其影响因素,并分析这些因素与个体工商户主观幸福感之间的关联及其作用机制。研究以提出提升个体工商户主观幸福感的策略和建议为目的。研究一采用访谈调查方法,以山西省S县为调查地点,对10位个体工商户进行了深入访谈,旨在初步探究个体工商户在经营过程中的主观幸福感影响因素有哪些,根据对访谈结果的分析发现,个体工商户主观幸福感的影响因素有:个人情况(婚姻状况、经济收入状况、从事个体经营时长)、社会支持(包括家庭支持、朋友支持、邻居支持、政府政策支持等)、自我效能感(经营任务应对能力的感知、应对经营困境的信心程度)。研究二采用问卷调查法,在调查地点发放问卷211份,收回有效问卷202份。研究实施过程可以分为三个部分:首先,我们需要根据研究问题挑选出合适的研究工具,将《社会支持评定量表》、《中国城市居民主观幸福感量表》以及《一般自我效能感量表》三个量表问卷作为本论文的研究工具,经过信度和效度分析,我们确认这三份量表具有可靠的信度和效度;其次,根据研究一的访谈结果制定基本信息问卷,包含性别、年龄和学历等七项人口统计学变量;最后通过发放以及回收问卷,对问卷结果进行统计分析:运用SPSS 26.0数据统计软件对个体工商户的一般资料进行描述性统计;我们调查了个体工商户在社会支持和自我效能感上的水平,并分析了这些因素在不同人口统计特征上的表现差异。此外,我们利用相关和回归分析来揭示社会支持、自我效能感与主观幸福感之间的相互作用及其影响路径。统计分析揭示,个体工商户在社会支持、自我效能和主观幸福感上的表现会因人口统计学特征的不同而有所区别;对于个体工商户而言,社会支持、自我效能和主观幸福感三者之间呈现出紧密的正向联系,特别是自我效能感,它在社会支持和主观幸福感之间起到了一个重要的中介作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the improvement of people’s life quality lies not only in the enrichment of material civilization,but also in the harmony and tranquility of spiritual civilization.People also pay more and more attention to the issue of happiness.Therefore,the study of happiness has become a key research direction in the field of social science.The working power,efficiency and mental health level of individual industrial and commercial enterprises will be affected by subjective well-being,and even further affect the quality of commercial services and even the commercial development of the whole society.Therefore,exploring the factors that affect the happiness of individual industrial and commercial households is of great value for improving the quality of business services and promoting the mental health and quality of life of self-employed operators.In the category of social factors,social support is an important factor that affects individual happiness.In the aspect of individual factors that affect subjective happiness,self-efficacy is gradually becoming the focus of scholars.However,at present,there are not enough studies to explore the relationship between social support and self-efficacy,and whether self-efficacy as a mediating variable plays a role in how social support affects the subjective well-being of individual businesses.This study explores the relationship among social support,self-efficacy and subjective well-being of individual businesses in depth,which can expand the theoretical understanding of factors affecting the well-being of individual businesses.The purpose of this study is to explore the status quo and influencing factors of individual merchants’subjective well-being,and analyze the correlation and mechanism between these factors and individual merchants’subjective well-being.The purpose of this study is to propose strategies and suggestions for improving the subjective well-being of individual businesses.In the first study,an in-depth interview was conducted with 10 individual merchants in S District of Shanxi Province as the survey location,aiming to preliminarily explore the influencing factors of individual merchants’subjective well-being in the process of operation.According to the analysis of the interview results,the influencing factors of individual merchants’subjective well-being are as follows:Personal situation(marital status,economic income,duration of self-employed),social support(including family support,friend support,neighbor support,government policy support,etc.),self-efficacy(perception of the ability to cope with business tasks,confidence level to deal with business difficulties).In the second study,211 questionnaires were distributed at the survey sites,and 202 valid questionnaires were collected.The research implementation process can be divided into three parts:Firstly,we need to select appropriate research tools according to the research questions.Three questionnaires,Social Support Rating Scale,Chinese Urban Residents Subjective Well-being Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale,are used as research tools in this paper.After reliability and validity analysis,we confirm that these three scales have reliable reliability and validity.Secondly,based on the interview results of study 1,a basic information questionnaire was developed,including seven demographic variables such as gender,age and education background.Finally,through the distribution and recovery of questionnaires,the questionnaire results were statistically analyzed:SPSS 26.0 data statistical software was used to conduct descriptive statistics on the general information of individual industrial and commercial households;We examined levels of social support and self-efficacy in self-employed businesses and analyzed how these factors differ across demographics.In addition,we use correlation and regression analysis to reveal the interaction between social support,self-efficacy and subjective well-being and their influence paths.The statistical analysis reveals that the performance of the self-employed in social support,self-efficacy and subjective well-being will be different according to the different demographic characteristics.For individual businesses,social support,self-efficacy and subjective well-being show a close positive relationship,especially self-efficacy,which plays an important intermediary role between social support and subjective well-being.更多还原