【作者】 李慧娟；

【导师】 李发永；

【作者基本信息】 塔里木大学 ， 水利工程（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着新疆社会经济发展,农业废弃物（棉花秸秆、玉米秸秆等）、市政污泥、养殖废弃物（畜禽粪便、沼液等）产生量十分巨大,不恰当的处理严重威胁了当地环境安全。水热碳化技术（HTC）因其便捷、环保和节能等优点被认为是处理有机废弃物的有效途径。目前针对水热碳化的研究大多在水相中进行,而在沼液（BS）中开展有机废弃物的水热碳化并进行资源回收方面的研究鲜有报道。本文研究了水热碳化温度（160～280℃）、反应时间（6～12 h）和固液比（1:25～1:5）对水热炭和液相产物特性的影响;并将棉秆水热炭（MHC）、玉秆水热炭（YHC）、污泥水热炭（SHC）、污泥-棉秆水热炭（SMHC）、污泥-玉秆水热炭（SYHC）和棉秆水热炭液（MHCL）、玉秆水热炭液（YHCL）、污泥水热炭液（SHCL）、污泥-棉秆水热炭液（SMHCL）、污泥-玉秆水热炭液（SYHCL）分别应用于污染物吸附、盐渍土改良和大豆萌发试验研究,评价了二者对土壤理化性质和植物生长的影响。主要研究结果如下:（1）总氮和硝态氮含量的变化主要与美拉德反应有关,在很大程度上受原料投加量和反应温度的影响。在250℃、1:10固液比的最佳水热碳化条件下,SMHCL中总氮和硝态氮最高,分别升高41.9%和40.3%,而BS中磷可能以金属磷酸盐形式沉积于水热炭表面而部分被去除。SHC产率最高,达到了66.9%,YHC表面具有粗糙的多孔结构和丰富的含氧官能团。YHC和MHC的失重速率峰值显著高于共水热炭（SYHC、SMHC）。YHC中溶解性有机质（DOM）的荧光组分物质含量最丰富,区域积分体积最大为7.79×10⁸,其中类富里酸物质占比最高为38.0%。（2）YHC对罗丹明B（RhB）和Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果最好,最大吸附量为34.42 mg·g^-1和28.51 mg·g^-1,去除率为81.7%和77.4%。不同水热炭对RhB和Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附都更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。RhB和Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率随二者初始浓度的增加逐渐降低,但随水热炭的添加量增加而上升。在二元体系中,RhB和Cr（Ⅵ）之间会形成竞争性吸附,并且水热炭对二元体系中污染物的吸附量低于单一体系。（3）YHC具有较好的保水性,添加YHC后土壤含水率最高,较CK提升了77.5%;水热炭能够降低土壤电导率,但各水热炭显著差异性较小;SHC对土壤中全氮和全磷提升效果较好,YHC对土壤中全钾含量提升效果最好。各实验组较CK组碱解氮提高了15.4%～61.1%,有效磷提高了26.6%～127.5%,速效钾提高了8.6%～39.2%。适宜的水热炭施用对大豆的生长有一定的促进作用,大豆幼苗地上部鲜重提高了14.3%～64.9%,地上部干重提高了6.2%～73.7%,根部干重提高了11.7%～98.4%。（4）通过设置五个水热炭液的处理对大豆进行水培处理发现,大豆发芽率达到了70%以上,大豆种子幼苗株高提高了1.3%～65.3%,大豆种子幼苗叶面积提高了11.8%～41.4%,YHCL、SYHCL对大豆幼苗茎粗有显著提升作用,分别提高了29.7%、20.4%,水热炭液养分含量不同,所以对大豆幼苗影响程度不同,其中YHCL、SYHCL对大豆幼苗茎粗有显著提升作用,SHCL对于大豆幼苗根系的伸长有一定的抑制作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the socio-economic development of Xinjiang,the amount of agricultural waste（cotton stalks,corn stalks,etc.）,municipal sludge,and breeding waste（livestock and poultry manure,methane,etc.）generated is very huge,and inappropriate treatment seriously threatens the safety of the local environment.Hydrothermal carbonization（HTC）is considered to be an effective way to treat organic waste because of its convenience,environmental friendliness and energy saving.Currently,most of the studies on hydrothermal carbonization have been carried out in the aqueous phase,while little research has been reported on hydrothermal carbonization of organic waste in biogas stream（BS）for resource recovery.In this thesis,the effects of hydrothermal carbonization temperature（160～280℃）,reaction time（6～12 h）,and solid-liquid ratio（1:25～1:5）on the properties of hydrothermal carbon and liquid-phase products were investigated;and the results were compared with the results of hydrothermal carbonization of cotton stalks（MHC）,jade stalks（YHC）,sludge hydrothermal carbon（SHC）,sludge-microcotton stalks（SMHC）,sludge-jade straws（SYHC）,and cotton straws（MHCL）.hydrothermal charcoal liquid（MHCL）,jade culm hydrothermal charcoal liquid（YHCL）,sludge hydrothermal charcoal liquid（SHCL）,sludge-cotton stalk hydrothermal charcoal liquid（SMHCL）,sludge-jade culm hydrothermal charcoal liquid（SYHCL）,were applied in the experimental studies of pollutant adsorption,salty soil amelioration,and soybean sprouting,respectively,and the effects of both were evaluated on the soil physical and chemical properties and plant growth.The main research results are as follows:（1）The changes of total and nitrate nitrogen contents were mainly related to the Meladic reaction,which was largely influenced by the feedstock dosage and reaction temperature.Under the optimum hydrothermal carbonization conditions of 250℃and 1:10 solid-liquid ratio,the highest total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were found in SMHCL,which were elevated by 41.9%and 40.3%,respectively,whereas the phosphorus in the BS might be partially removed as metal phosphate deposited on the surface of hydrothermal carbon.The highest yield of SHC was found in YHC,which reached 66.9%,and the surface of YHC was characterized by a rough porous structure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups.The peak weight loss rates of YHC and MHC had significantly higher peak weight loss rates than the co-hydrothermal carbon（SYHC,SMHC）.The fluorescent component material of dissolved organic matter（DOM）was the most abundant in YHC,with a maximum regional integral volume of 7.79×10⁸,and the highest percentage of fulvic acid-like material was 38.0%.（2）YHC showed the best removal of Rhodamine B（RhB）and Cr（Ⅵ）with the maximum adsorption of 34.42 mg·g^-1 and 28.51 mg·g^-1 and the removal rates of 81.7%and 77.4%.The adsorption of both RhB and Cr（VI）by different hydrothermal carbon was more consistent with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the quasi-secondary kinetic model.The removals of RhB and Cr（VI）decreased gradually with the increase of the initial concentration of both,but increased with the increase of the addition of hydrothermal carbon.In the binary system,competitive adsorption between RhB and Cr（Ⅵ）would be formed,and the adsorption of pollutants in the binary system by hydrothermal carbon was lower than that in the single system.（3）YHC had good water retention,and the soil water content was the highest after adding YHC,which was improved by 77.5%compared with CK;hydrothermal charcoal could reduce soil conductivity,but the significant differences among hydrothermal charcoals were small;SHC had better effect on the enhancement of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil,and YHC had the best effect on the enhancement of total potassium content in soil.Alkaline nitrogen was increased by 15.4%～61.1%,effective phosphorus by 26.6%～127.5%,and quick-acting potassium by8.6%～39.2%in each experimental group compared with the CK group.Appropriate hydrothermal charcoal application promoted the growth of soybean,and the aboveground fresh weight of soybean seedlings increased by 14.3%～64.9%,aboveground dry weight by 6.2%～73.7%,and root dry weight by 11.7%～98.4%.（4）By setting up five hydrothermal charcoal liquid treatments for soybean hydroponics,it was found that the germination rate of soybean reached more than 70%,the height of soybean seedling was increased by 1.3%～65.3%,YHCL and SYHCL had a significant enhancement effect on the stem thickness of soybean seedlings,which was increased by 29.7%and 20.4%,respectively,and the leaf area of soybean seedlings was increased by 11.8%～41.4%,the nutrient content of hydrothermal charcoal liquid was different,so the degree of influence on soybean seedlings was different,of which YHCL and SYHCL had a significant enhancement effect on the root elongation of soybean seedlings.Hydrothermal charcoal has different nutrient contents,so it has different degrees of influence on soybean seedlings,in which YHCL and SYHCL have significant enhancement effect on soybean seedling stem thickness,and SHCL has some inhibitory effect on the elongation of soybean seedling root system.更多还原