【作者】 彭江红；

【导师】 宁国良；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 政治学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 农民问题是土地革命时期解决中国革命问题的关键,而农民问题的关键就是土地问题。中国共产党自成立之日起,就提出了一系列关于土地政策的理论观点,井冈山根据地时期又通过《井冈山土地法》等一系列的政策规定与实践,有效调动了广大农民群众参与革命斗争的热情,从根本上解决了根据地发展的内在动力问题。文章以土地革命时期党的土地政策的制定、实施、发展为基本线索,概括并总结了这一历史时期中国共产党土地政策的基本特点、主要成效与历史经验,进而探讨出土地革命时期党的土地政策形成发展的基本规律。文章认为土地革命时期中国共产党土地政策形成的理论依据源于马克思列宁主义的相关土地理论和毛泽东的土地革命策略思想。文章认为这一时期党的土地政策是在复杂的社会历史背景中形成的,此时的中国遭受着帝国主义的经济侵略和残酷剥削,国内的封建地主土地所有制严重阻碍了发展。同一时期,中国共产党在国民党“清党”“分共”的血腥镇压中,不得不将工作重心转向农村,从而提出了“工农武装割据”思想。在这样内忧外患的社会历史条件下,中国共产党的土地政策逐渐发展成型。文章认为南昌起义、秋收起义、广州起义期间,都曾分别提出了党的土地政策主张,“八七”会议和中共“六大”也提出了相关的政策理念,这是党在土地革命前期对土地政策的初步探索。文章认为《井冈山土地法》、《兴国土地法》和《中华苏维埃共和国土地法》体现了土地革命时期党的土地政策形成发展的基本脉络。文章还认为土地革命后期,“减租减息”的地主政策和给予富农以经济出路的政策是对这一历史时期党的土地政策的最终完善,适应了当时基本国情的需要。文章认为土地革命时期党的土地政策始终服务于土地革命战争的主要任务,实地调查研究是土地政策确立的必要路径,理论与实践相结合是土地政策形成的基本过程,而该时期党的土地政策实践具有明显的阶段性和连续性特征。这一时期中国共产党的土地政策使得农民的生产和革命积极性普遍高涨,妇女土地的合法权利得以充分保障,最终促进了党的正确土地革命总路线的形成。文章认为土地革命时期中国共产党土地政策成功的历史经验在于:坚持中国共产党对政策过程的全面领导;坚持马克思主义基本原理与中国革命的具体实际相结合;坚持一切从实际出发和实事求是的政策路线;坚持将群众利益始终作为政策制定的出发点与落脚点;坚持科学决策的政策制定原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 The peasant question is the key to solving the problem of the Chinese revolution during the period of the agrarian revolution,and the key to the peasant problem is the land problem.Since its founding,the Communist Party of China has put forward a series of theoretical viewpoints on land policy,and during the Period of the Jinggangshan Base Area,a series of policy provisions and practices such as the "Jinggangshan Land Law" were adopted,which effectively mobilized the enthusiasm of the broad masses of peasants to participate in the revolutionary struggle and fundamentally solved the problem of the internal motive force for the development of the base areas.Taking the formulation,implementation and development of the party ’s land policy during the agrarian revolution period as the basic clue,the article summarizes and summarizes the basic characteristics,main achievements and historical experience of the CPC ’s land policy in this historical period,and then explores the basic law of the formation and development of the party ’s land policy during the agrarian revolution period.This paper argues that the theoretical basis for the formation of land policy of the Communist Party of China in the period of land revolution is derived from the relevant land theory of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong’s land revolution strategy thought.The article argues that the party ’s land policy during this period was formed in a complex social and historical background,when China was suffering from imperialist economic aggression and cruel exploitation,and the domestic feudal landlord land ownership system seriously hindered development.During the same period,the Communist Party of China,in the bloody suppression of the Kuomintang ’s "liquidation of the party" and "division of the communists," had to shift the focus of its work to the countryside,thus putting forward the idea of "armed division of workers and peasants." Under such social and historical conditions of internal and external troubles,the land policy of the Communist Party of China has gradually developed and taken shape.The article believes that during the Nanchang Uprising,the Autumn Harvest Uprising,and the Guangzhou Uprising,the party ’s land policy propositions were put forward separately,and the "Eighty-Seven" Conference and the "Sixth National Congress" of the CPC also put forward relevant policy concepts,which was the party ’s initial exploration of land policy in the early stage of the agrarian revolution.The article argues that the Jinggangshan Land Law,the Land Law for Rejuvenating the Country,and the Land Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic embody the basic context of the formation and development of the party ’s land policy during the agrarian revolution.The article also held that in the later period of the agrarian revolution,the landlord policy of "rent reduction and interest reduction" and the policy of giving rich peasants an economic way out were the final perfection of the party ’s land policy in this historical period and met the needs of the basic national conditions at that time.This paper believes that the party ’s policy in the Agrarian Revolution period has always served the main task of the Agrarian Revolutionary War.Field investigation and research are the basic path for the establishment of land policy.The combination of theory and practice is the basic process of the formation of land policy,and the practice of the party ’s land policy in this period has obvious phased and continuous characteristics.During this period,the land policy of the Communist Party of China made the enthusiasm of farmers’ production and revolution generally high,and the legal rights of women ’s land were fully guaranteed,and ultimately promoted the formation of the correct general line of the party ’s land revolution.This paper argues that the historical experience of the success of the land policy of the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolution is :adhere to the comprehensive leadership of the Communist Party of China in the policy process;adhering to the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution;adhere to all practical and realistic policy line;adhere to the interests of the masses has always been the starting point and foothold of policy formulation;adhere to scientific policy-making principles.更多还原