【作者】 杨帆；

【导师】 朱朝生；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 数学运算是数学学科的基本能力之一,也是义务教育阶段数学的核心素养之一,影响着学生数学综合能力的发展。而初中阶段也是学生数学运算能力发展的关键时期,了解学生当前存在的运算问题,深入研究影响学生运算能力发展的因素,才能制定适合学生发展的教学策略,对提升学生运算能力,培养学生数学综合素养有重要作用。本研究基于人教版数学教材和《义务教育课程标准(2022年版)》的编排和教学需要,从解决数学运算问题的角度出发进行相应研究。研究过程中采用了采用问卷调查法、访谈法和测试法,通过不同的角度了解学生运算能力现状和评价教学策略的实施。本文根据学生日常测试和问卷调查和与教师的访谈,了解了不同阶段和不同学习能力的学生目前在运算中存在的问题:审题不仔细,常看错条件或漏看条件;对于解题的相关基本概念掌握不牢,对基本概念、法则、性质理解不够;无法有效选取运算方法,不能灵活运用所学解决运算问题。通过和教师之间的访谈并结合学生问卷调查数据,分析了影响学生运算能力的因素:学生具有惰性心理;过度依赖他人帮助或工具帮助;小学运算基础不好;运算习惯不佳,学习习惯不好。为培养学生的运算能力,从解题的角度从提出培养学生运算能力的策略。在理解问题、制定计划这一角度:加强学生对于运算基础知识的学习和掌握;加强学生的基本推理能力。在实施计划方面:示范完整的运算步骤;培养学生良好的运算习惯。在检验和回顾时,加强学生对运算题目的总结与反思,培养学生一题多解的意识,学会算法优化。通过以上研究,针对学生的实际学习情况,在新授课,专题学习课和课后辅导课上设置不同的教学环节,采用合适的教学策略进行有关教学。为检验教学策略的有效性,通过实时的测试进行综合分析,用学生成绩的变化评估教学策略是否有效。通过以上研究过程将得到较为全面的对学生运算能力现状的分析调查,能够得到有关教学策略的实时反馈,可以灵活根据学生的反馈进行教学策略的调节,找到有效的适合学生运算能力发展的教学方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mathematical operation is one of the basic abilities of mathematics and one of the core qualities of mathematics in compulsory education,which affects the development of students’ comprehensive ability of mathematics.The junior high school stage is also a critical period for the development of students’ mathematical operation ability.Only by understanding students’ current operational problems and conducting in-depth research on factors affecting the development of students’ mathematical ability can we formulate teaching strategies suitable for students’ development,which plays an important role in improving students’ mathematical ability and cultivating students’ comprehensive mathematical literacy.This research is based on the arrangement and teaching needs of the human education edition of mathematics textbooks and the Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards(2022 edition),and conducts corresponding research from the perspective of solving mathematical operation problems.In the process of research,questionnaire survey,interview and test methods are adopted to understand the current situation of students’ computing ability and evaluate the implementation of teaching strategies from different angles.Based on students’ daily tests,questionnaires and interviews with teachers,this paper finds out the existing problems of students at different stages and with different learning abilities: they do not read the questions carefully,often misread the conditions or miss the conditions;The basic concepts related to problem solving are not well grasped,and the basic concepts,rules and properties are not well understood.Can not effectively choose the calculation method,can not flexibly use the knowledge to solve the calculation problem.Through interviews with teachers and questionnaire survey data of students,this paper analyzes the factors that affect students’ computing ability: students have inertia;Over-reliance on others for help or tools for help;Elementary school arithmetic foundation is not good;Poor computing habits,poor learning habits.In order to train students’ arithmetic ability,this paper puts forward some strategies to train students’ arithmetic ability from the Angle of solving problems.From the perspective of understanding problems and making plans: strengthen students’ learning and mastering of basic knowledge of arithmetic;Strengthen students’ basic reasoning ability.In terms of implementation plan: demonstrate complete operational steps;Cultivate students’ good arithmetic habits.In the examination and review,strengthen the students’ summary and reflection on the operation problem,train the students’ consciousness of multiple solutions to one problem,and learn the algorithm optimization.Based on the above research,according to the actual learning situation of students,different teaching links are set up in the new teaching,thematic learning classes and after-school tutorials,and appropriate teaching strategies are adopted to carry out relevant teaching.In order to test the effectiveness of the teaching strategy,a comprehensive analysis is carried out through real-time testing,and the effectiveness of the teaching strategy is evaluated by the change of student achievement.Through the above research process,a more comprehensive analysis and investigation of the current situation of students’ computing ability can be obtained,real-time feedback on teaching strategies can be obtained,teaching strategies can be flexibly adjusted according to the feedback of students,and effective teaching methods suitable for the development of students’ computing ability can be found.更多还原