【作者】 周辉；

【导师】 刘琨；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电子信息， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着科学技术的进步和人民生活水平的提高,我国汽车的数量与日俱增,但与之而来的是越来越多的驾驶员由于分心导致交通事故频发。因此为了降低驾驶员因为低头看导航和车辆信息导致分心而产生的安全隐患,同时提高汽车内智能座舱的驾驶体验,增强现实型抬头显示(Augmented Reality-HUD,AR-HUD)系统逐步取代传统抬头显示系统成为了当前车载HUD系统中应用的主流,但AR-HUD系统目前仍存在占用体积大、光学元件制作成本高等问题,使其只能在高端、大型车上搭载,因此针对这些存在的问题,本文主要做了以下四个方面的工作:第一,介绍了HUD系统相关的基础设计理论。本文以离轴三反式系统的像差理论作为系统的设计基础,同时引入自由曲面来矫正系统的像差。分析了当前常用的几种HUD系统像源,对比并总结了它们的优缺点。结合业内的设计标准和驾驶员的驾驶需求,对HUD系统的各个性能指标进行了阐述。第二,设计了一款体积小、成本低的AR-HUD系统。本文采用平面反射镜镜和自由曲面反射镜相结合的离轴三反式结构,以LCD作为系统的像源,设计了一款虚像视距8 m、视场角12°×5°、眼盒尺寸为130 mm×50 mm、虚像投影面尺寸为71.73寸、系统体积控制在10 L以内的AR-HUD系统,该系统的调制传递函数MTF在截止频率处接近衍射极限,系统最大畸变小于5%,双目视差控制水平视差2.5 mrad、垂直视差1.5mrad之内,系统成像效果好且成本较低,达到了设计要求。第三,设计了AR-HUD系统的外壳结构,并对其进行了结构分析。本文对设计完成的AR-HUD系统的光路进行了机械结构设计,将整体的光机结构分别进行了模态分析和随机振动分析,结果证明系统在汽车运行过程中稳定性强,使用效果好,满足实用需求。第四,搭建了实验光路,完成了样机的成像实验。本文通过对挡风玻璃的楔角进行计算,消除了HUD系统中的重影现象,加工了光学元件,搭建HUD实验光路。最后,通过成像实验验证了系统光路成像的完整性和清晰度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of people’s living standards,the number of vehicles in China has been increasing day by day.However,accompanying this trend is the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents due to more and more drivers being distracted.To mitigate safety hazards arising from drivers being distracted by navigation and messages,while enhancing the driving experience in smart cabins of new energy vehicles,Augmented Reality Head-Up Display(AR-HUD)systems have gradually replaced traditional Head-Up Display(HUD)systems,becoming the mainstream in current vehicle-mounted HUD systems.Nevertheless,AR-HUD systems still face challenges such as large space occupation and high production costs of optical components,limiting their deployment to high-end and large vehicles.Addressing these issues,this thesis primarily undertakes the following tasks:Firstly,it introduces the basic design theory of HUD systems.This thesis utilizes the aberration theory of off-axis three-mirror systems as the design foundation,while introducing freeform surfaces to correct irregular aberrations of the system.Various light sources commonly used in current HUD systems are analyzed,their advantages and disadvantages are compared and summarized.Combining industry standards and drivers’ driving requirements,various performance indicators of HUD systems are elucidated and explained.Secondly,this thesis designs a compact and cost-effective AR-HUD system.This thesis adopts an off-axis three-mirror structure combining flat mirrors and freeform surfaces,with LCD as the light source.A virtual image distance of 8m,a field of view of 12°×5°,an eye box size of 130mm×50mm,and a virtual image projection size of 71.73 inches,while controlling the system volume within 10 L,are achieved.The system’s Modulation Transfer Function(MTF)approaches the diffraction limit at the cutoff frequency,with maximum distortion less than 5%,horizontal parallax within 2.5mrad,and vertical parallax within 1.5mrad,ensuring good imaging quality at a low cost and meeting design requirements.Thirdly,the outer shell structure of the AR-HUD system was designed and analyzed structurally.This paper presents the mechanical casing design for the completed AR-HUD system’s optical path,and conducts modal analysis and random vibration analysis on the overall opto-mechanical structure separately.The results demonstrate strong stability of the system during car operation,with good usability,meeting practical requirements.Lastly,it constructs an experimental optical path and completes imaging experiments of the prototype.By calculating the wedge angle of the windshield,this thesis eliminates ghosting phenomena in the HUD system,fabricates optical components,constructs an experimental optical path for the HUD,and validates the integrity and clarity of the system’s optical path through imaging experiments.更多还原