【作者】 吴超；

【导师】 孟昭莉；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的:使用生物力学仿真技术分析高水平足球运动员在侧切运动过程中下肢运动轨迹和地面反作用力,输出关节角度、关节力矩的结果来探讨脑力疲劳和非预期因素对膝关节生物力学特征的影响,为膝关节损伤提供新的研究视角,为足球运动员、教练员和广大足球爱好者群体提供有价值的训练建议和参考。研究方法:以大连理工大学高水平足球特长生为实验对象,使用STROOP任务诱导脑力疲劳,使用基于单片机自主设计并加工制作的随机方向指示设备模拟非预期条件,分别采用Vicon红外运动捕捉系统和AMTI测力平台采集实验对象在脑力疲劳和非预期条件下的三维运动轨迹和三维地面反作用力数据,随即通过MATLAB换数据格式并导入到Open Sim生物力学仿真软件中计算膝关节的运动学、动力学数据。采用双因素重复测量方差分析,对膝关节的关节角度、关节力矩等指标进行统计学处理,对比探讨脑力疲劳和非预期因素对侧切过程中膝关节生物力学特征的影响。研究结果:脑力疲劳因素显著性提高了侧向力第一峰值(p<0.001),同时对触地时刻和侧向力第一峰值时刻的膝关节屈曲角度产生显著性影响(p<0.05),对膝关节力矩没有产生显著性影响。非预期因素不仅显著影响触地时刻,侧向力第一峰值时刻的膝关节角度和侧向力第一峰值的大小,还彻底改变了侧切过程中额状面和水平面的关节力矩特征。脑力疲劳因素和非预期因素交互影响侧向力第一峰值(p<0.05),但在其他方面没有显著的交互作用。研究结论:在进行侧切动作时,应考虑脑力疲劳和非预期因素对侧切动作的影响。两因素的改变可使膝关节的角度、力矩和侧向地面反作用力显著性改变。非预期条件改变了在侧切支撑阶段膝关节的姿势,这种姿势的差异导致缓冲的不充分和更大的膝关节载荷,增加了ACL损伤的风险。广大足球运动员和教练员应注意脑力疲劳和非预期因素对运动表现带来的负面影响,制定合理的休息计划和训练计划来降低潜在的损伤风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: This study used biomechanical simulation technology to analyze the trajectory of the lower limb and ground reaction force during the side-cutting movement of high-level soccer players,and outputs the results of joint angles and joint moments to explore the effects of mental fatigue and unanticipation factors on the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint,and to provide valuable training suggestions and references.Method: This study took Dalian University of Technology high-level soccer students as subjects,using STROOP task to induce mental fatigue,the use of microcontroller-based independent design and processing of random directional indication equipment to simulate the unanticipation conditions,respectively,using the Vicon infrared motion capture system and the AMTI force measurement platform to set up the experimental subjects in mental fatigue and the unanticipation conditions of the three-dimensional trajectory and ground reaction force data,after which the experimental subjects in mental fatigue and the unintended conditions were tested.Ground reaction force data were collected,and then the data format was changed by MATLAB,and then the converted data files were imported into Open Sim biomechanical simulation software to calculate the kinematics and dynamics data of the knee joint.A twofactor repeated measures ANOVA was used to statistically process the joint angles and joint moments of the knee joint to compare and explore the effects of mental fatigue and unanticipation factors on the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint.Results: The mental fatigue factor significantly increased the first peak value of lateral force(p < 0.001),and also significantly affected the knee flexion angle at the moment of touchdown and the first peak value of lateral force(p < 0.05),and did not significantly affect the knee joint moment.Unanticipation factors not only significantly affected the knee joint angle at the moment of touchdown and the first peak of lateral force in terms of the magnitude of the first peak of the heave force,but also completely changed the frontal plane and horizontal plane moment characteristics during the lateral cut.Mental fatigue factors and unanticipation factors interacted on the first peak of lateral force(p < 0.05),but otherwise there was no significant interaction.Conclusion: The effects of mental fatigue and unanticipation factors on lateral cutting maneuvers should be considered when performing lateral cutting maneuvers.Changes in both factors can significantly alter knee angle,moment,and lateral ground reaction force.Unanticipated conditions alter the posture of the knee during the lateral cut support phase,and this difference in posture leads to inadequate cushioning and greater knee loading,increasing the risk of ACL injury.Soccer players and coaches in general should be aware of the negative effects of mental fatigue and unanticipated factors on athletic performance,and develop reasonable rest plans and training programs to reduce potential injury risk.更多还原