【作者】 陈硕；

【导师】 曹井香；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着英语在全球范围内的普遍使用和其在学术界的权威地位,英语变体得到了广泛关注。本研究以联合国六种官方语言出版的期刊中的学术摘要为语料,同时对六种英语变体进行了依存比较分析。通过深入分析六种变体的依存特征,包括依存方向、依存距离、依存复杂度,以及基于动词支配词的语步分布情况,以发现变体之间的相似之处和不同之处,探究其背后的原因。依存复杂度是本文首次提出的测度,通过计算一个支配词所能支配的从属词的平均数量来衡量句法复杂程度。为保证语料的可比性,本研究所使用的语料均随机抽取于各语种具有较高影响因子的语言学期刊中的英文摘要,时间跨度为2017年至2021年,总计600篇摘要。使用Jupyter Notebook网页版依存分析工具生成依存树库,分析六个语料库在依存方向、依存距离和依存复杂度方面的异同。同时,借助Antconc和Wordsmith提取语料中的动词支配词并根据出现频次对其进行排序,通过分析摘要语步结构的异同,进一步探究六种英语变体之间的异同。研究发现:(1)从依存方向上看,六种英语变体均呈现出左偏趋势,体现在左偏结构(HI)的占比均超过50%。其中,阿拉伯语-英语变体的HI占比在六种英语变体中最大(55.42%);法语-英语变体(51.68%)与英语(51.58%)最为接近。(2)从依存距离上看,六种英语变体的平均依存距离的数值分布从2.49到2.78不等,说明六种变体在句子复杂程度和理解难度上存在较大差异。其中,俄语-英语变体(2.49)的理解难度最小,阿拉伯语-英语变体(2.78)的理解难度最大,西班牙语-英语变体(2.53)与英语(2.60)最接近。(3)从依存复杂度上看,各变体的动词支配词的平均依存数(MND)的数值分布在2.609到2.777之间,且俄语-英语变体(2.672)与英语(2.675)最接近。(4)从基于动词支配词的语步结构上看,六种英语变体的学术摘要均由五语步构成,语步结构完整,不存在语步缺失现象。但在不同语步所占的比例上,各变体之间存在一定差别。结合前人研究和本文研究结果推测,六种英语变体在依存特征和语步结构上的相似之处可能是受到了学术摘要这一体裁的独有特点和人类工作记忆的有限性的影响,而不同之处则可能是受到了第一语言所属的语族、第一语言中动词的使用,以及第一语言的文化背景的影响。本研究希望为学术文章英语摘要的写作提供参考,帮助非英语母语学者更了解英语摘要的特点,从而明确未来英文摘要的写作方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 English varieties have been extensively investigated due to the prevalence of English and its authoritative position in academia.This study makes a contrast dependency analysis of English varieties based on English research article abstracts from journals which are published in six official languages of the United Nations.It explores the similarities and differences between the six English varieties by dependency analysis from four perspectives including dependency direction,dependency distance,dependency complexity and move distribution based on verb governors,and further investigates the possible reasons for these similarities and differences."Dependency complexity" is a new metric firstly proposed in this study.It could be used for measuring syntactic complexity by calculating the mean number of dependents that a governor can have.The data used in this study is randomly selected from English research article abstracts of linguistics journals with high impact factors in six languages,with a total of 600 abstracts published from 2017 to 2021.The Jupyter Notebook web dependency analysis tool is used to generate a dependency tree,and the similarities and differences of dependency features of six sub-corpora are compared.Antconc and Wordsmith are used to extract verb governors from the data and generate a wordlist according to their occurrence frequency.By analyzing the move structure of abstracts,the similarities and differences between the six English varieties are further explored.This study found that: 1)In terms of dependency direction,all of the six English varieties prefer head-initial dependency with different degrees.Arabic-English(Ara E)has the largest proportion of head-initial dependency(55.42%)among the six English varieties,and FrenchEnglish(Fre E)(51.68%)is the most similar to Native-English(Nat E)(51.58%).2)In terms of dependency distance,the mean dependency distance(MDD)value of the six English varieties differ greatly,ranging from 2.49 to 2.78,indicating that there are great differences in syntactic complexity and comprehension difficulty among the six English varieties.Russian-English(Rus E)(2.49)is the easiest to understand while Ara E(2.78)is the hardest among the six English varieties,and Spanish-English(Spa E)(2.53)is the most similar to Nat E(2.60).3)In terms of dependency complexity,the mean number distance(MND)value based on verb governors could range from 2.609 to 2.777,and Rus E(2.672)is the most similar to Nat E(2.675).4)In terms of the move structure based on verb governors,the six English varieties of research article abstracts are collectively composed of five moves.The move structure within the six English varieties is complete and there is no move omission.However,there are still some differences among the six varieties in the proportion of different moves.It is worth mentioning that these differences do not subvert the overall move structure of the six English varieties of research article abstracts.Combined with the results of previous studies and this study,it can be inferred that the similarities in dependency features and move structure of the six English varieties may be influenced by the unique features of research article abstracts as an independent genre and the limited working memory of human being,while the differences could be explained by the effect of the first language(L1)of that variety,including: 1)the language families of L1,which can affect dependency direction and dependency distance;2)the use of verbs in L1,which can affect dependency complexity;3)the cultural background of L1,which can affect move distribution based on verb governors.This study is expected to help non-native English speakers better understand the features of English abstracts,and also provide them with some references for the writing of English research article abstracts.更多还原