【作者】 王超；

【导师】 刘震卿；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 土木工程（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 风能因其分布广泛、可再生以及环境影响小等优点而受到能源产业的广泛青睐,现阶段已经成为最有经济效应的新型能源,为应对能源发展新形势,实现传统化石能源向新能源的转型过渡,我国于2019年提出“双碳”政策,致力于实现碳达峰和碳中和目标。目前我国依旧处于能源结构转型的关键时期,风电等新能源技术的研究对我国的能源发展战略具有非常重要的意义。而风机作为风力发电的主体结构,其技术积累和完善是整个风电行业持续发展的关键,随着风机的尺寸和容量不断增大,其振动和疲劳载荷的控制一直是主要问题。而目前使用的传统TMD(Tuned Mass Damper)因其普遍的漏液问题会使阻尼器的减振性能急剧下降甚至消失,需追求其他阻尼器如TRCD(Tuned Rolling Cylinder Damper)的结构设计。本文基于TRCD和电涡流阻尼特性,在TRCD中引入电涡流阻尼力,利用Simpack风机模型进行减振性能数值仿真研究。首先使用电磁理论推导线性阻尼系数和非线性电磁模型,通过ANSYS有限元仿真验证模型的准确性。然后利用Simpack完成风机模型的建立,与GH-Bladed模型进行结果验证。最后,搭建基于径向基神经网络(RBFNN)的代理模型,以风机塔底侧向弯矩的等效疲劳荷载为目标函数,对电涡流TRCD进行阻尼器参数优化,同时引入碰撞力模型作为TRCD的安全性设计,分析各个工况下电涡流TRCD对风机各部分载荷和动力响应的影响。研究结果表明:本文设计的电涡流TRCD在低速线性理论模型中,阻尼力与滚柱角速度成正比关系;随滚柱转速的增大,阻尼力表现出明显的非线性特性。电涡流TRCD减振性能和滚柱圆盘与转轴的半径比τ有关,随着半径比的增大,电涡流TRCD的减振性能越差,滚柱的转动惯量越大,导轨的圆弧半径越小,半径比τ从6至1/6变化,最优参数减振性能从5.3%变化到17.7%,提升幅度为3.34倍。碰撞力模型TRCD在低风速下不能触发碰撞力缓冲结构;在ETM风场高风速风况下,能够避免风机因为过度振动而出现的停机现象,保证了风机的正常运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wind energy is widely favored by the energy industry due to its wide distribution,renewability,and low environmental impact.It has become the most economically effective new energy at this stage.In response to the new situation of energy development and the transition from traditional fossil energy to new energy,China proposed the "dual carbon" policy in 2019,committed to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.At present,China is still in a critical period of energy structure transformation,and research on new energy technologies such as wind power is of great significance for the energy development strategy of China.As the main structure of wind power,the accumulation and improvement of wind turbine technology are the key to the sustainable development of the entire wind power industry.As the size and capacity of wind turbines continue to increase,the control of vibration and fatigue loads has always been a major issue.However,the traditional TMD(Tuned Mass Damper)currently used,due to its common leakage problem,will cause a sharp decline or even disappearance in the vibration reduction performance.Therefore,it is necessary to pursue the structural design of other dampers such as TRCD(Tuned Rolling Cylinder Damper).In this study,based on the characteristics of TRCD and eddy current damping,the eddy current damping force is introduced TRCD,and the wind turbine model in Simpack is used to conduct numerical simulation research on vibration reduction performance.Firstly,the linear damping coefficient and nonlinear electromagnetic model are derived using electromagnetic theory,and the accuracy of the model is verified through ANSYS finite element simulation.Then Simpack is used to establish the turbine model and verify the results with the GH-Bladed model.Finally,a proxy model based on radial basis function neural network(RBFNN)is built to optimize the damper parameters of eddy current TRCD,using the equivalent fatigue load of the lateral bending moment at the bottom of wind turbine tower as the objective function.At the same time,a collision force model is introduced as the safety design of TRCD,to analyze the impact of eddy current TRCD on the load and dynamic response of various parts of the wind turbine under various working conditions.The results indicate that eddy current TRCD designed in this study has a proportional relationship between damping force and roller angular velocity in the low-speed linear theoretical model;As the roller speed increases,the damping force exhibits significant nonlinear characteristics.The vibration reduction performance of eddy current TRCD is related to the radius ratio between the roller disk and the shaft.As the radius ratio increases,the vibration reduction performance of eddy current TRCD deteriorates,the rotational inertia of the roller increases,and the arc radius of the guide rail decreases.When the radius ratioτ changes from 6 to 1/6,the vibration reduction performance under optimal parameters changes from 5.3% to 17.7%,with an improvement of 3.34 times.The collision force model TRCD cannot trigger the collision force buffer structure at low wind speeds;under high wind speed conditions in ETM wind farm,it can avoid the shutdown phenomenon of the turbine due to excessive vibration,ensuring the normal operation.更多还原