【作者】 李萌；

【导师】 何士青；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 当前我国人口形势发生新变化,人口老龄化进展加快,生育意愿持续降低。为调整人口结构,我国近年来不断调整生育政策,“三孩政策”的出台标志着我国对生育调整的新方向。然而,自“三孩政策”出台以来,生育假制度虽有调整,但仍存有诸多问题,本文结合我国实际情况分析生育假制度存在的种种问题,探寻法律层面切实可行的完善措施,以期助益进一步落实“三孩政策”,调整人口结构,提升生育意愿。本文首先界定了生育假制度的基本内涵,为论述奠定理论基础。其次梳理了生育假制度的现状并对存在的问题深入分析。我国生育假制度规定的主要内容包括了时间、主体、津贴,因此在本文问题的梳理和成因分析中也从这三部分着手,将我国生育假制度梳理清楚。在找到我国生育假制度存在的问题后,通过梳理域外生育假制度的规定,为我国生育假制度的完善提供借鉴。最后在前文的分析基础之上,提出我国生育假制度的完善建议。在生育假制度的时间方面,统一时间,加强假期灵活性并平衡不同假期的时间;在主体方面,保障灵活就业和未婚女性的权利,落实男性生育假权利;在津贴方面,健全生育津贴的成本负担机制,并明确生育津贴的补偿标准。通过平衡各方主体的权利义务,以期对生育假制度提出切实、可行的完善建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent shifts in China’s demographics have precipitated a rapid aging of its population alongside a sustained decrease in childbearing aspirations.To navigate these shifts,China has recalibrated its fertility policies,notably with the launch of the "threechild policy" as a fresh strategy in managing fertility.Nonetheless,the maternity leave system,even after undergoing adjustments post the "three-child policy" enactment,encounters persistent challenges.A thorough examination of the maternity leave system’s current dilemmas,within the scope of China’s specific circumstances,and the pursuit of legally sound enhancement strategies,are crucial for reinforcing the "threechild policy" and reshaping the population structure.First of all,this article delves into the maternity leave system’s essential meaning,establishing a theoretical groundwork for discussion.It dissects the rights and relationships of the involved entities within the maternity leave framework,further articulating the system’s significance through a deep dive into its theoretical underpinnings.Then,this article scrutinizes the prevailing state and hurdles of the maternity leave system.It delineates the legal frameworks and real-world applications of the maternity leave system,pinpointing the challenges associated with its duration,stakeholders,and financial support mechanisms.This exploration paves the way for a deeper inquiry into these issues and an examination of their underlying causes.Thirdly,the section endeavors to glean insights from international maternity leave practices to enhance China’s own system.This part contrasts the maternity leave policies of Europe and Asia,noting Europe’s extensive history and robust regulatory framework,and Asia’s demographic and socio-economic parallels with China.Through detailed examination,it seeks to offer practical and applicable lessons for the advancement of China’s maternity leave framework.Expanding upon the insights garnered in earlier sections,the fourth section outlines recommendations for the refinement of China’s maternity leave policy.It advises on normalizing the duration of maternity leave,increasing the adaptability of leave periods,and more equitable distribution of leave types.It calls for safeguarding the rights of individuals in flexible employment and unmarried women,alongside advocating for the rights to paternity leave.With respect to financial support,it proposes enhancements to the funding structure of maternity benefits and the specification of compensation levels.Ultimately,by equitably addressing the rights and responsibilities of all stakeholders,the paper strives for an improved enactment of the maternity leave policy.更多还原