【作者】 王超；

【导师】 李卫斌； 刘飞；

【作者基本信息】 西安电子科技大学 ， 电子信息硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球经济的不断发展和城市化进程的加速推进,货运交通作为经济发展的重要支撑和保障,其规模和需求也呈现出快速增长的趋势。公路运输作为我国货物运输的主要方式之一,近几年来承担了超过70%以上的货运量。然而,货运交通的高速增长也带来了诸多问题,其中包括交通拥堵、能源消耗以及环境污染等。我国提出了2030年实现碳峰值,2060年实现碳中和的目标。在双碳目标的背景下,对货运交通行程及其碳排放进行深入研究,探索有效的管理和减排策略显得尤为重要。本文以时空轨迹数据为基础,以货运车辆行程为研究对象,旨在挖掘交通行程特征及其碳排放情况,并为促进交通行业的可持续发展提供科学依据。为了解决时空轨迹数据的特点和挑战,本文采用了一系列数据处理方法,包括去重、降噪等预处理步骤,通过行程OD识别和FMM地图匹配算法,构建了精细的行程轨迹几何信息。在此基础上,通过对路网信息和行程OD信息的融合,本文得到了包含行程路段、距离、目的地和时间等信息的车辆行程数据信息库,进一步深入挖掘了陕西省16万辆货车一周时间的出行特征。对公路货运的时空特性展开分析,包括网格空间密度、空间自相关等时空分析手段。研究表明,夜间货运活动强度高于白天,货运效率在堵车少的时段更高;货运单程的行程时间呈现近似正态分布,大多集中在一个小时左右,这些特征与城市规模和行业特征相关。在空间分布上,该省公路货运需求以各地级市的城区为中心向四周呈辐射状分布,并在西安和榆林两个地区形成南北两个中心,西安作为西北地区交通枢纽的辐射能力远高于以煤炭和石油产业为主的榆林市。本研究成果对城市货运需求分析、道路运输路径优化以及货运管理政策制定提供了重要的技术支持和数据参考。同时,本文通过行程轨迹信息进行一定的拟合处理,利用微观碳排放测算模型,对陕西省184天的货运车辆的轨迹数据进行行程的碳排放精细测算,并构建了道路级货运碳排放清单。以此数据为基础统计分析了碳排放数据的时空分布特征。结果表明,货运碳排放在陕西省的整个区域普遍存在,主要集中在城市间关键通道和重要产煤地区的主要道路上。在未来的交通规划和环境保护中,需要更加重视货运车辆的排放问题,并采取相应的措施来减少碳排放,促进区域经济的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of the global economy and the accelerated process of urbanization,freight transportation,as a vital support and guarantee for economic development,has shown a rapid growth trend in both scale and demand.As one of the primary modes of goods transportation in China,road transportation has accounted for over 70%of the total freight volume in recent years.However,the rapid growth of freight transportation has also brought about numerous issues,including traffic congestion,energy consumption,and environmental pollution.China has set targets to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.Against the backdrop of these dual carbon goals,it is particularly important to conduct in-depth research on freight transportation routes and their carbon emissions,and explore effective management and emission reduction strategies.This paper,based on spatiotemporal trajectory data and focusing on freight vehicle trips,aims to explore the characteristics of transportation routes and their carbon emissions,thereby providing a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development of the transportation industry.To address the characteristics and challenges of spatiotemporal trajectory data,a series of data processing methods are adopted in this paper,including deduplication,denoising,and other preprocessing steps.Through trip OD identification and FMM map matching algorithm,a detailed geometric information of trip trajectory is constructed.On this basis,by integrating road network information and trip OD information,a vehicle trip database containing information such as trip segments,distance,destination,and time is obtained.Furthermore,the travel characteristics of 160,000 trucks in Shaanxi Province over one week are further explored.Spatial-temporal analysis of highway freight transportation is conducted,including grid spatial density,spatial autocorrelation,and other spatial-temporal analysis methods.The study shows that the intensity of nighttime freight activities is higher than that of daytime,and the efficiency of freight transportation is higher during periods of less congestion.The travel time of freight single trip follows an approximate normal distribution,mostly concentrated in about one hour,which is related to the scale of the city and the characteristics of the industry.In terms of spatial distribution,the demand for highway freight transportation in the province radiates from the urban areas of prefecture-level cities to the surrounding areas,forming two centers in the north and south in Xi’an and Yulin,respectively.Xi’an,as the transportation hub of the northwest region,has a much higher radiation capacity than Yulin,which is mainly based on coal and oil industries.The research results provide important technical support and data reference for urban freight demand analysis,road transport path optimization,and freight management policy formulation.At the same time,by fitting the trajectory information,this paper uses a microscopic carbon emission calculation model to finely calculate the carbon emissions of freight trips in Shaanxi Province for 184 days,and constructs a road-level freight carbon emission inventory.Based on this data,the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions are statistically analyzed.The results show that freight carbon emissions are widespread throughout Shaanxi Province,mainly concentrated on key channels between cities and major roads in important coal-producing areas.In future transportation planning and environmental protection,more attention should be paid to the emissions from freight vehicles,and corresponding measures should be taken to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable regional economic development.更多还原