【作者】 王文君；

【导师】 其木提；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国劳动者健康信息的保护一直以来未得到足够重视,用人单位相较于劳动者天然的优势地位,使得知情同意原则在劳动领域流于形式,劳动者健康信息极易被用人单位侵害,从而给劳动者造成就业歧视或者使劳动者被违法解雇的情况。随着《民法典》和《个人信息保护法》的出台,个人信息保护的话题得到越来越多的关注和讨论,但是在劳动领域个人信息保护研究却寥寥无几。同时,我国在医疗健康信息保护方面的立法也处于实验阶段,尚未辐射到劳动者健康信息保护问题。有鉴于此,本文拟以劳动者健康信息保护为研究对象,探讨我国在劳动者健康信息保护方面的问题,虽然法律已经有明确的规定,但是实践中仍有差距。本文认为应当在司法解释中作进一步释明,明确原则上禁止收集劳动者健康信息,特殊情况例外的适用规则。本文除引言和结语之外,共分为三章。第一章“劳动者健康信息保护一般分析”,论述了劳动者健康信息的性质,阐述了劳动者健康信息的主体、保护的具体内容及其分类,论述了劳动者健康信息保护的三个必要性:其一,劳动关系从属性致使知情同意在劳动领域的形式化;其二,用人单位知情权与劳动者健康信息保护存在冲突;其三,劳动者健康信息具有敏感性,泄漏会有巨大风险。第二章“劳动者健康信息保护立法与司法实践”,通过比较分析国内国外相关立法与司法实践,分析了国外立法、司法实践的可取之处和我国立法、司法实践存在的问题,即法律虽然已有明确规定,但是未能落实到劳动领域,对劳动者健康信息的保护不够,另外司法实践中隐私权路径的适用会导致劳动者维权十分困难。第三章“劳动者健康信息法律保护制度的完善建议”,针对我国劳动者健康信息保护方面存在的问题,提出了完善建议。首先,应当由司法解释对已有的法律进行释明,对于劳动者健康信息的收集原则上禁止,特殊情况例外。特殊情况指的是有法律或者行业有特殊标准、特殊要求,即只有在具备充分必要性的条件,用人单位才可以收集劳动者健康信息。同时将这一适用规则在部分具体场景中的运用进行了说明。另外提出在司法实践中应当构建多元的纠纷解决体系,并且在审理劳动者健康信息受侵害的案件时适用个人信息保护路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China,the protection of workers’ health information has not received enough attention,and employers have a natural advantage over workers,making the principle of informed consent a mere formality in the field of labor,and workers’ health information easily infringed by employers,resulting in employment discrimination or illegal dismissal of employees.With the promulgation of the Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law,the topic of personal information protection has received more and more attention and discussion,but there are few studies on personal information protection in the labor field.At the same time,China’s legislation on medical and health information protection is also in the experimental stage,and has not yet radiated to the problem of workers’ health information protection.In view of this,this paper intends to take the protection of workers’ health information as the research object to discuss the problems in the protection of workers’ health information in China,although the law has clear provisions,but there are still gaps in practice.This article argues that it should be further explained in the judicial interpretation,clarifying that the collection of workers’ health information is prohibited in principle,with exceptions in special circumstances.This article is divided into three chapters,except for the introduction and conclusion.Chapter Ⅰ,"General Analysis of Workers’ Health Information Protection",discusses the nature of workers’ health information,expounds the subject,specific content and classification of workers’ health information,and discusses three particularities of workers’ health information: First,the subordinate nature of labor relations leads to the formalization of informed consent in the labor field;Second,there is a conflict between the employer’s right to know and the protection of workers’ health information;Third,workers’ health information is sensitive,and leakage will pose a huge risk.Chapter Ⅱ,"Legislation and Judicial Practice of Workers’ Information Protection",analyzes the desirability of foreign legislation and judicial practice and the problems existing in China’s legislation and judicial practice through comparative analysis of relevant legislation and judicial practice at home and abroad,that is,although the law has been clearly stipulated,it has not been implemented in the labor field,and the application of the right to privacy in judicial practice will make it very difficult for workers to protect their rights.Chapter Ⅲ,"Suggestions for Improving the Legal Protection System for Workers’ Health Information",puts forward suggestions for improving the problems existing in the protection of workers’ health information in China.The existing laws should be interpreted by judicial interpretations,and the collection of workers’ health information is prohibited in principle,except in special circumstances.Special circumstances refer to laws or industries with special standards and special requirements,which meet the conditions of sufficient necessity for sensitive information collection,and employers can collect employees’ health information.At the same time,the application of this principle in some specific scenarios is explained.In addition,it is proposed that a diversified dispute resolution system should be established in judicial practice,and the personal information protection path should be applied when hearing cases of infringement of workers’ health information.更多还原