【作者】 张帆；

【导师】 申超；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 教育学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 打造具有新工科特色的通识课程体系不仅能够沟通工科专业教育和通识教育,还能够有效培养工科学生的非专业能力、促进工科学生的全面发展。然而,在培养学生新工科通识能力的通识课程改革上,相关院校大多是在已有课程模块中增加相关课程,却很少设置专门的课程模块。本研究运用成果导向教育理论和学习计划理论,采用案例研究法,以T大学设置的旨在培养学生新工科通识能力的“新工科创新”类课程模块为研究对象,通过问卷调查、访谈等手段收集了多方面的资料,对这类通识课程的实施效果、存在的问题及其原因进行了研究。首先,基于成果导向教育理论,根据新一轮产业变革对人才培养的新需求,从新工科通识能力的定义出发,在参考《华盛顿协议》和《中国工程教育认证通用标准》的基础上,构建了共三个维度的十项新工科通识能力指标体系作为课程实施效果的评估依据。其次,根据上述评估依据,对T大学“新工科创新”模块25门课程的实施效果进行了调查,结果表明:“新工科创新”类通识课程的总体实施效果尚可,学生对自身能力培养的现状也较为满意。但是,学生能力培养效果也存在不均衡现象:第一,在具体的十项能力培养效果上,跨界整合能力培养效果相对较好,问题解决和职业素养能力相对较差,其余七项能力则处于中等水平;第二,问题解决能力的学生重视程度与培养效果存在巨大反差;第三,与文化学习和自主发展维度能力培养效果相比,社会参与维度的能力培养效果相对欠佳。最后,本研究借助学术计划理论,从外部层面、组织层面和课程本身层面出发对上述课程实施效果存在的问题进行了分析:新工科通识能力培养效果存在不均衡现象主要是受到国家教育政策倾斜、学校学科计划和院系结构的发展重点、教师对能力发展的信念差异以及能力与课程内容间共通性差异的影响;问题解决能力的重视程度和培养达成度存在巨大反差是由于课程编排缺乏连贯性、通识课程较为单一的教学方式和有限的线上教学资源所导致的;而社会参与维度能力培养效果相对较差则与工程行业领域对此维度能力的重视程度不高、课程目标支持度不高、硬学科的教学风格和终结性评价方式占据主流、学生的学习动机水平和能力基础存在不足等方面密切相关。为此,研究建议基于新工科人才培养的通识课程教学设计应均衡学生的不同能力发展、增强对社会参与维度能力的培养、尊重学生的能力发展期待以及配合学生能力发展目标设计课程评价方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The general education courses system with new engineering characteristics can not only communicate engineering professional education and general education,but also effectively cultivate the non-major ability of engineering students and promote the overall development of engineering students.However,when it comes to the reform of general education courses to cultivate students’ general ability of new engineering,the relevant colleges and universities mostly add related courses to the existing curriculum modules,but seldom set up special curriculum modules.This study by using Outcome Based Education and Theory of Academic Plan,though the method of case study,T university "Emerging Engineering Innovation" class module in general education courses as the research object,through text analysis,interview and other means to collect a variety of information,the implementation of this kind of general education courses and its influencing factors were studied.First of all,based on the theory of results-oriented education,according to the new demand of ability training due to the new round of industrial reform,starting from the definition of general ability of emerging engineering,and referring to "Washington Accord" and the " General Standards for Accreditation of Engineering Education ",Ten emerging engineering general ability index system with three dimensions is constructed as the basis for the evaluation of curriculum implementation effect.Secondly,according to the above assessment basis,this paper investigates and analyzes the implementation effect of 25 courses of "Emerging Engineering Innovation" module in T University.The results show that the overall implementation effect of "Emerging Engineering Innovation" general education courses is satisfactory and the students are satisfied with the current situation of their own ability.However,the development of students’ ability also exists a imbalance phenomenon: First,in terms of the training effect of ten general abilities,the training effect of cross-border integration ability is relatively good,while the ability of problem solving and professional quality is relatively poor,the other seven abilities are at the medium level.Second,there is a huge contrast between the students’ emphasis on problem-solving ability and the actual training effect.Third,compared with the effect of cultural learning and self-development,the effect of social participation is relatively poor.Finally,based on the Theory of Academic Plan,this study analyzes the problems of the implementation effect from the external level,the organizational level and the curriculum level: The unbalanced effect of students’ ability cultivation is mainly influenced by the inclinations of national education policy,the development focus of school subject plan and department structure,the differences of teachers’ belief in ability development,and the differences of commonality between ability and curriculum content.The great contrast between the degree of emphasis on problem solving ability and the training effect is caused by the lack of continuity of curriculum arrangement,the relatively simple teaching method of general education and the limited online teaching resources.The relatively poor effect of social participation dimension ability cultivation is closely related to the engineering industry’s low attention to this dimension ability,the low degree of support for curriculum objectives,the mainstream of hard subject teaching style and terminal evaluation method,and the insufficiency of students’ learning motivation level and ability basis.Therefore,it is suggested that general education courses based on the cultivation of new engineering talents should design teaching based on balanced development of different abilities,enhance the cultivation of social participation dimension ability of the curriculum,respect students’ expectations for their own ability development and design course evaluation method according to students’ ability development goal.更多还原