室外居住环境对老人生活质量影响机制研究

【作者】 李琴；

【导师】 梁琦；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国人口老龄化趋势加快,以及居家养老为基础的养老体系推广,居住环境也日益受到关注。现存研究表明,老人日常生活活动、安全行为、生活质量受其居住环境的显著影响,严重影响老人居家养老的生活、安全与幸福感。然而关于居住环境对老人生活质量的影响路径,以及日常生活活动和安全行为在两者之间的作用机理尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过研究居住环境对老人生活质量的影响机制,改善老人居住环境,满足老人生活、安全需求,保障老人晚年幸福生活。研究采取理论研究和模型构建的研究范式。首先系统梳理人与环境相关理论、老人生活质量、日常生活活动、安全行为与居住环境等文献,理论分析居住环境对老人生活质量的影响路径,建立老人居住环境管理理论模型。其次通过两次问卷调查获取定量数据,结合信度分析、效度分析和中介回归分析分别展现日常生活活动和安全行为在老人生活质量与居住环境之间的作用关系。然后通过个人访谈获取定性数据,结合内容分析,验证定量分析结果。最终构建并验证老人居住环境-行为活动-生活质量管理模型,揭示居住环境对老人生活质量的影响机制。研究结果显示,居住环境的空间部分(包括距离、空间布局),环境部分(包括空气质量、安全、清洁)和设施部分(包括娱乐设施)相关因素可以通过影响日常生活活动影响老人生活质量;居住环境的空间部分(包括距离),环境部分(包括照明、空气质量、安全和清洁)和设施部分(娱乐设施)相关因素可以通过影响安全行为(包括预防行为与回避行为)影响老人生活质量。本研究通过揭示居住环境对老人生活质量的影响机制,增进人与环境相互作用关系的理解。研究成果的应用将改善老人居住环境,为老人日常生活活动提供方便,影响老人安全行为,保障老人晚年幸福生活;同时促进养老资源的高效利用,为老旧社区改造、全龄友好城市建设等国家或地方政策提供管理思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of China’s population aging and the popularization of the old-age care system centered on home-based care for the elderly,the living environment has received increasing attention.Current research indicates that the elderly’s activities of daily living,safety behavior and quality of life are greatly influenced by their residential environment,which seriously impact on their living,safety and well-being.The influence path of the residential environment on the elderly’s quality of life,and the role of activities of daily living and safe behavior between residential environment and quality of life are still unclear.The current research amis to investigate the mechanism of residential environment on the quality of life of the elderly to improve the residential environment,so as to meet the living and safety needs of the elderly,and ensure the well-being in their later life.This study adopts the research paradigm of theoretical research and model construction.Firstly,based on a systematic literature review of theories related to people and environment,the elderly’s quality of life,activities of daily living,safety behaviors,and residential environment,this paper theoretically analyzes the influence path of residential environment on the quality of life of the elderly and establishes a theoretical management model for the residential environment of elderly.Secondly,the roles of activities of daily living and safety behavior in the relationships between elderly’s quality of life of and residential environment were shown through two questionnaire surveys to obtain quantitative data,and combined with reliability analysis,validity analysis and mediating regression analysis.Then,the quantitative analysis results are verified through face-to-face interview to obtain qualitative data,and combined content analysis.Finally,the residential environment-behavior and activity-quality of life management model for the elderly is constructed and verified,and the influence mechanism of residential environment on the quality of life of the elderly is investigated.The findings demonstrate that the spatial component of resident environment(i.e.,distance and space layout),the environmental component(i.e.,air quality,safety and cleanliness),and the facilities component(i.e.,sports facilities)can impact on quality of life of the elderly by influencing their activities of daily living.The spatial component(i.e.,distance),environmental component(i.e,lighting,air,crime safety and cleanliness),and facility component(i.e.,sports facilities)of residential environments can impact on quality of life of the elderly by influencing their safety behaviors,including preventive behaviors and avoidance behaviors.The understanding of the interaction between people and environment can be improved by revealing the mechanism by which the residential environment affects the quality of life of the elderly.The application of the research results will improve the residetial environment,facilitate the activities of daily living,affect safety behavior of elderly,and ensure the well-being in their later years.It will also encourage the effective use of old-age resources and provide management ideas for national or local policies such as renovation of old residential areas and construction of age-old friendly cities.更多还原