【作者】 周瑶；

【导师】 何平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 法学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 网约车司机这一职业群体随着平台经济的蓬勃发展而逐渐壮大,但是能够与之相适应的社会养老保险体系并没有完全构建起来,现行制度明显无法满足该职业群体的现实需求。养老保险制度的滞后加上网约车平台规避责任,导致了网约车司机作为劳动者的养老保险权益受损。这既不利于网约车行业健康持续发展,也让大量网约车司机面临养老的风险,不利于社会的稳定。因此,本文通过访谈和问卷调查的方法调研网约车司机养老保险权保障的真实情况,提出网约车司机就业群体的养老保险权保障议题。通过在现实生活中与网约车司机进行有效交谈,深入了解并发现其养老保险权保障的现实情况以及实际需求。笔者对访谈问题进行归纳在结合相关理论研究制作出了比较有针对性的调查问卷。为了让此次研究更具有价值,选取了武汉、上海和昆明这三所城市的网约车司机为此次研究样本,最终获得310份有效样本数。调研结果显示网约车司机养老保险权未能得到有效保障主要存在以下四个方面的问题:第一,网约车司机对有关灵活就业人员养老保险制度的不了解,影响了其参加养老保险的意愿和选择;第二,网约车司机普遍参加城乡居民养老保险,但该制度保障能力不足;第三,网约车司机和平台之间的法律关系不明确,导致平台没有承担社会养老保险主体责任,网约车司机难以独自承担缴费压力而迫于放弃;第四,当前的养老保险制度是依据传统劳动者设计的,对网约车司机这类非标准劳动者来说缺乏针对性和适用性。笔者根据所反馈的问题逐一分析,发现我国网约车司机养老保险权保障不足的成因主要包括养老保险和劳动关系捆绑、网约车司机身份定位不明确、养老保险制度的不完善以及有关养老保险政策宣传不到位这四方面。由此,结合理论分析和网约车司机的真实意愿,从宏观角度出发提出通过劳动法主体再设制,解决网约车司机身份难以认定的问题;增加技术从属性的考量规避平台去劳动化的现象,让符合劳动关系认定的网约车司机得到应有的保障;完善当前的养老保险制度解决网约车司机难以适用当前有关养老保险制度的困境。从微观角度出发针对网约车司机目前所存在的问题,提出政府需要加强对网约车平台的监管,引导平台主动承担为网约车司机缴纳职工养老保险的责任;相关部门优化调整养老保险参保缴费机制,让现有机制更加适合网约车司机参保;政府还需要加强普法教育提升网约车司机养老保险维权意识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The professional group of online taxi drivers is growing with the booming platform economy,but the social pension insurance system that can be adapted to it has not been fully developed,and the current system is obviously unable to meet the real needs of this professional group.The lagging pension insurance system coupled with the avoidance of responsibility by the online taxi platform has resulted in the loss of pension insurance rights of online taxi drivers as workers.This is not only detrimental to the healthy and sustainable development of the online taxi industry,but also exposes a large number of online taxi drivers to the risk of retirement,which is not conducive to social stability.Therefore,this paper investigates the real situation of pension insurance rights protection for online taxi drivers by means of interviews and questionnaires,and raises the issue of pension insurance rights protection for the employed group of online taxi drivers.Through effective conversations with online drivers in real-life situations,we gain insight and find out the reality of their pension insurance rights protection and their actual needs.The author summarised the interview questions and combined them with relevant theoretical research to create a more targeted questionnaire.In order to make this study more valuable,three cities,Wuhan,Shanghai and Kunming,were selected as the sample for this study,and 310 valid samples were obtained in the end.The results of the research show that the right to pension insurance for online taxi drivers is not effectively protected mainly in the following four aspects: Firstly,the lack of understanding of the pension insurance system concerning flexibly employed persons by online taxi drivers affects their willingness and choice to participate in pension insurance;Secondly,online taxi drivers generally participate in urban and rural residents’ pension insurance,but the protection capacity of this system is insufficient;Thirdly,the legal relationship between online taxi drivers and the platform is unclear,resulting in the platform not assuming the main responsibility for social pension insurance,and it is difficult for online taxi drivers to bear the pressure of contributions alone and are forced to give up;Fourthly,the current pension insurance system is designed based on traditional workers,and lacks relevance and applicability to nonstandard workers such as online taxi drivers.Based on the feedback,the author analyzed the problems one by one and found that the causes of the inadequate protection of pension insurance rights of online taxi drivers in China mainly include the bundling of pension insurance and labour relations,the unclear positioning of the identity of online taxi drivers,the imperfection of the pension insurance system and the inadequate promotion of relevant pension insurance policies.Thus,combining theoretical analysis and the real will of online taxi drivers,from a macro perspective,we propose to solve the problem of difficult identification of online taxi drivers through the re-establishment of the main body of labour law;Increase the consideration of technical subordination to circumvent the phenomenon of de-labourization of the platform,so that online taxi drivers who are qualified for the identification of labour relations can be duly protected;Improve the current pension insurance system to solve the difficulties of online taxi drivers in applying the current relevant pension insurance system.From a micro perspective,the government needs to strengthen the supervision of online taxi platforms and guide them to take the responsibility of paying pension insurance for online taxi drivers;The relevant departments should optimize and adjust the pension insurance contribution mechanism to make the existing mechanism more suitable for online taxi drivers to participate in insurance;The government also needs to strengthen legal education to raise awareness of pension insurance rights of online taxi drivers.更多还原