【作者】 王云龙；

【导师】 崔继文；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电子信息（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 滚动轴承游隙是影响滚动轴承疲劳寿命的重要因素,而航空轴承对疲劳寿命有着更高要求,因此必须使用可靠的测量方法检验航空滚动轴承的游隙。已有的滚动轴承游隙测量方法加载精度低,无法实现加载可控,测量重复性差,难以满足航空轴承游隙的有载荷测量需求。针对以上问题,本文设计了滚动轴承游隙测量系统,实现测量过程中的准确、可控加载,主要研究内容如下:(1)建立滚动轴承游隙测量模型并提出测量方案。根据滚动轴承径向游隙和轴向游隙的测量需求,分别建立滚动轴承径向游隙和轴向游隙的测量模型。基于赫兹理论分析测量过程中滚动轴承的内部接触变形量,完善测量模型。根据测量模型设计非接触测量方案,提出夹具夹持轴承内圈,对轴承外圈进行径向加载,使用非接触式位移传感器测量轴承外圈径向位移的径向游隙测量方案。提出夹具夹持轴承外圈,对轴承内圈进行轴向加载,使用非接触式位移传感器测量轴承内圈轴向位移的轴向游隙测量方案。对轴承内外圈相对倾斜和相对轴向偏移这两种情况引入的测量误差进行分析,为后续测量装置设计提供理论基础。(2)设计滚动轴承游隙测量装置。从机械结构和测控系统两方面设计滚动轴承径向游隙和轴向游隙测量装置。机械结构方面,设计夹持结构、加载结构和转动结构,对标准件进行选型,自主设计部分零件。测控系统方面,研究各硬件原理并对硬件进行选型,通过顺序控制设计法编写PLC控制程序,实现测量所需的加载和转动功能。测量装置实现对测量载荷的闭环反馈控制,加载误差不超过0.15 N,保证测量结果的重复性。(3)研究数据处理方法。使用时间序列相似性度量方法匹配并提取最适合用于计算测得游隙值的两段数据,保证无载荷径向游隙测量结果的重复性,分析欧式距离、曼哈顿距离和FastDTW距离三种时间序列相似性度量方法的原理,在加州大学河滨分校的公开数据集上进行1-NN分类实验,统计三种方法的度量准确率和耗时,发现FastDTW距离的度量准确率高于另外两种方法,为后续实验数据处理做准备。(4)进行滚动轴承游隙测量实验验证。搭建滚动轴承径向游隙测量装置和轴向游隙测量装置,以用于航空电机前端的62206深沟球轴承为测量对象,实验中径向游隙无载荷测量结果的重复性为1.0μm,径向游隙有载荷测量结果的重复性为0.2μm,轴向游隙有载荷测量结果的重复性为1.3μm,满足测量需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rolling bearing clearance is an important factor affecting the fatigue life of rolling bearings,and aviation bearings have higher requirements for fatigue life,so it is necessary to use a reliable measurement method to check the clearance of aviation rolling bearings.The existing rolling bearing clearance measurement methods have low loading accuracy,can not achieve load control,and poor measurement repeatability,so it is difficult to meet the load measurement requirements of aviation bearing clearance.Aiming at the above problems,this paper designed a non-contact rolling bearing clearance measurement system to achieve accurate and controllable loading during measurement.This paper mainly includes the following:(1)Establish the rolling bearing clearance measurement model.According to the measurement requirements of radial and axial backlash of rolling bearing,the measurement models of radial and axial backlash of rolling bearing are established respectively.According to Hertz theory,the internal contact deformation of rolling bearing is analyzed and the measuring model is improved.A preliminary non-contact measurement scheme is designed according to the measurement model.In the radial clearance measurement scheme,the bearing outer ring is loaded by clamping the bearing inner ring and the non-contact displacement sensor is used to measure the radial displacement of the bearing outer ring.In the scheme of axial clearance measurement,the bearing inner ring is loaded by clamping the bearing outer ring and the non-contact displacement sensor is used to measure the axial displacement of the bearing inner ring.The measurement errors introduced by the relative tilt and relative axial deviation of the inner ring and outer ring of the bearing are analyzed,which provides a theoretical guidance for further design.(2)Design the rolling bearing clearance measurement device.The measuring device of radial clearance and axial clearance of rolling bearing is designed from two aspects of mechanical structure and measuring and control system.In terms of mechanical structure,clamping structure,loading structure and rotating structure are designed.In addition,the selection of standard parts,independent design of some parts.In terms of measurement and control system,the hardware principle is studied and the hardware selection is made.PLC control program is programmed by sequential control design method to realize the loading and rotation functions required by measurement.The measuring device realizes the closed-loop feedback control of the measuring load,and the error of applied load is not greater than 0.15 N to ensure the repeatability of the measuring result.(3)Research data processing algorithms.The time series similarity measurement method is used to match and extract the two most suitable data for calculating the measured clearance value,so as to ensure the repeatability of the radial clearance measurement results without load.The principles of Euclidean distance,Manhattan distance and FastDTW distance are analyzed.A 1-NN classification experiment was conducted on a public data set at the University of California,Riverside to calculate the measurement accuracy and time consuming of the three methods.It is found that the accuracy of FastDTW distance measurement is higher than the other two methods,which makes preparation for the subsequent experimental data processing.(4)Carry out experimental verification of rolling bearing clearance measurement.The radial clearance measuring device and axial clearance measuring device of rolling bearing are constructed.The bearing clearance measurement experiment was carried out.The experimental object is model 62206 deep groove ball bearing,which is a kind of bearing for the front end of aviation motors.The radial clearance repeatability without load is 1.0 μm,the radial clearance repeatability with load is 0.2 μm,and the axial clearance repeatability is 1.3 μm.The results show that the measurement requirements are satisfied.更多还原