【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 陈旸；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑学（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球老龄化问题的不断加剧,我国养老问题的严峻性也已经逐步显现,就地养老的模式已经成为了国家大力倡导的养老趋势,生活性街道空间作为重要的城市公共空间,是老年人社会活动的“容器”,这一“容器”既为老年人提供了生活活动场所,同时也在一定程度上影响和引导着老年人的活动。城市更新对街道空间的要求日益提高,倡导提升现有街道空间要素,使其符合当代城市品质化和适老化的设计趋势。本文致力于回应这一趋势,通过以人为本的设计理念重新审视生活性街道空间。特别关注老年人的视觉问题,以视觉环境研究为切入点,重新思考生活性街道空间的设计,力求解决老年人在城市环境中的视觉舒适感知问题。本文引入视觉舒适性感知量化与街道空间模拟的方法,进行视觉坏境下生活性街道空间的适老性优化设计研究。首先,从老龄化背景下老年群体的视觉衰退问题及社会对其认知提升的角度切入,通过梳理既往文献,提出对生活性街道空间视觉环境优化设计研究的目的与意义。通过对老年人在街道空间产生的视觉舒适感受为联系,以老年人的视觉舒适品质需求为切入点,从视觉空间环境与视觉舒适感知两个层面剖析街道空间与环境要素。其次,对老年人视觉舒适性特征以及视觉舒适的影响因素进行分析,通过城市街道导则与文献对视觉环境空间要素进行梳理,构建老年人视觉舒适品质的视觉环境要素体系,在此基础上进一步结合眼动实验与访谈问卷确定老年人视觉舒适品质的视觉环境模拟要素。再次,通过对哈尔滨、太原、广州三个城市的实地调研,从生活性街道现状问题与老年人对于街道空间视觉环境舒适品质的反馈出发,结合语义分析问卷与眼动模拟实验,确定视觉环境模拟要素与指标,建立模拟场景,结合语义分析问卷与眼动模拟实验开展,进行街道空间要素与老年人视觉舒适感知关联分析,分析街道空间要素对老年人视觉舒适感知的影响程度。最后,根据实验结果,分别从空间形式、空间界面、色彩环境、空间设施、空间光照等5个方面,提出视觉环境下生活性街道空间适老性优化设计策略。本文的研究旨在从视觉环境的角度,补充生活性街道空间的视觉环境与老年人视觉舒适感知的关联性研究以及街道适老化设计的相关成果,为我国生活性街道空间适老化更新建设提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economic development and the gradual increase of the aging population,the seriousness of the problem of old age in China has gradually appeared,and the model of local old age has become the trend of old age that the state strongly advocates.On the one hand,the living street space provides a place for the elderly to live;on the other hand,the living street can play a role in promoting or restricting the activities of the elderly.In recent years,as the attention to the visual deterioration of the elderly gradually increases,the contradiction between the living street space and the visual comfort perception of the elderly has become more and more prominent.This paper,on the one hand,responds to the contemporary design trend of quality and ageing of urban street space according to the requirement of integrating and upgrading the existing street space elements in the city,and on the other hand,returns to the design concept of humanistic functionality from the perspective of visual environment research.In this paper,the quantification of visual comfort perception and street space simulation methods are introduced to living streets,and the study of ageing-adapted optimisation design of living street space in visual environment is carried out.First of all,it is introduced from the visual problem of the elderly group in the context of aging and the improvement of social awareness of them,and the purpose and significance of the research on the optimal design of the visual environment of living street space are put forward through combing the previous literature.By linking the visual comfort of the elderly with the street space,and taking the visual comfort needs of the elderly as an entry point,we analyse the street space and environment elements from the visual space environment and visual comfort perception.Secondly,by analysing the characteristics of visual comfort and the influencing factors of visual comfort for the elderly,and sorting out the spatial elements of the visual environment through the urban street guidelines and the literature,we constructed a system of visual environment elements for the visual comfort quality of the elderly,and on the basis of which,we combined the eye-tracking experiments with the questionnaires to construct the elements for the simulation of the visual environment for the visual comfort quality of the elderly.In order to further experiment and optimize the design strategy,through the urban living street space research in Harbin City,Taiyuan City and Guangzhou City under the three visual environments,starting from the postgraduate students’ active street status quo problems and the feedback of the elderly for the comfort quality of the visual environment in the street space,combined with the analysis of eye-tracking experiments,to determine the visual environment simulation elements and levels of the research in this paper,to establish simulation scenarios,respectively,and to combine the semantic analysis questionnaire with the The simulation scenarios were set up,combined with the semantic analysis questionnaire and the eye movement simulation experiment,and the correlation analyses between the street space elements and the visual comfort perception of the elderly and the rate of change of the pupil diameter and the visual comfort perception were carried out,so as to analyse the degree of influence of the street space elements on the visual comfort perception of the elderly.Finally,based on the results of the simulation scene experiments,combined with g domestic and international street design guidelines,the optimization design strategies for the ageing of visual environment living street space are summarized in terms of spatial form,spatial interface,colour environment,facility elements and spatial illumination,respectively.This study bridges the gap in the study of ageing of living street space with visual comfort perception,and proposes the design strategy of ageing of living street space under visual environment,which provides a reference for the optimisation and design of ageing of living street space under visual environment in China.更多还原