【作者】 胡彧；

【导师】 杨龙；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 运动训练（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 足球裁判员,作为足球场上的法官,在一场激烈的足球比赛中起着至关重要的作用。山西省精英足球裁判员不仅承担着山西省最高级别足球赛事的执法任务,同时也要服务于中国足协的相关赛事,提升山西省精英足球裁判员的执法能力,是培养山西省顶级足球裁判员的需要,也是促进山西足球事业发展的需要。本研究旨在研究山西省精英足球裁判员的执法能力,主要通过山西省精英足球裁判员的基本情况、体能水平、理论情况、实践水平四个方面来评判山西省精英足球裁判员执法能力。本研究以24名山西省精英足球裁判员执法能力现状与对策为研究对象,通过文献资料法,在中国知网等数据平台对足球裁判员执裁能力进行搜索,运用现场观察法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、问卷调查法等方法对山西省精英足球裁判员执法能力现状与对策进行分析,从中找出山西省精英足球裁判员存在的问题,并根据问题提出相应对策,以便于提升山西省精英足球裁判员的整体执法能力,为山西省乃至中国足协相关赛事,提供强有力的支持。本文通过调查研究,得出以下结论:(1)山西省精英足球裁判员平均年龄符合中国足协预备国家级裁判员推荐年龄,总体上符合中国足协裁判员年轻化的大方向。但预备国家级、国家级裁判员人数较少,足球专业出身的裁判员不多,整体缺乏足球运动经历。裁判员的学历水平整体较高,符合中国足协预备国家级、中国足协未来精英裁判员培养的要求。山西省精英足球裁判员整体英语水平较差。(2)山西省精英足球裁判员体能水平尚可,但参照中国足协裁判员体能水平还需要继续加强。(3)山西省精英裁判员短期内经常学习的人数较少,日常理论学习频度整体较低。(4)山西省精英足球裁判员实践执法能力存在选位不合理、跑动不到位、手球识别不清晰、罚球区关键事件判罚缺乏信心、战术犯规识别不明确、有利掌握时机不好、缺乏比赛管理能力、团队合作缺乏默契等问题。针对山西省精英足球裁判员培养现状中存在的问题,提出以下对策:(1)山西省精英足球裁判员需要加强对足球运动的理解,提升英语能力。(2)山西省精英足球裁判员应当加强体能训练,山西省足球协会应当加强对裁判员体能训练的指导与监督。(3)山西省精英足球裁判员要增强规则理论学习,山西省足球协会应当定期开展精英足球裁判员培训班,完善培养计划。(4)山西省精英足球裁判员要积极参与赛区执法,提升自身执裁能力,山西省足球协会需制定更加合理的裁判员选派计划,通过大量比赛锻炼山西省精英足球裁判员。更多还原

【Abstract】 The football referee,as the judge on the football field,plays a vital role in a competitive football match.Elite football referees in Shanxi Province not only undertake the task of law enforcement in the highest level football matches in Shanxi Province,but also serve the relevant matches of the Chinese Football Association.Improving the ability of elite football referees in Shanxi Province is the need of promoting the development of Shanxi football career,and also the need of training top football referees in Shanxi Province.The purpose of this study is to study the execution ability of elite football referees in Shanxi Province,and to judge the execution ability of elite football referees in Shanxi Province through four aspects:basic situation,physical fitness level,theoretical situation and practical level.This research takes the status quo and countermeasures of the officiating ability of 24elite football referees in Shanxi Province as the research object,searches the officiating ability of football referees on CNKI and other data platforms by literature data method,and analyzes the status quo and countermeasures of the officiating ability of elite football referees in Shanxi Province by on-site observation,expert interview,mathematical statistics,questionnaire and other methods.To find out the problems of elite football referees in Shanxi Province,and put forward corresponding countermeasures according to the problems,in order to improve the overall ability of elite football referees in Shanxi Province,and provide strong support for related competitions in Shanxi Province and even the Chinese Football Association.Through investigation and research,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The average age of elite football referees in Shanxi Province is in line with the recommended age of national referees prepared by the Chinese Football Association,and generally in line with the general direction of the youth of referees in the Chinese Football Association.However,only the number of national or even national referees is small,there are not many referees with professional football background,and the overall lack of football experience.The overall educational level of referees is relatively high,which meets the requirements of the Chinese Football Association to prepare national level and the Chinese Football Association to train future elite referees.The English level of elite football referees in Shanxi Province is poor.(2)The physical level of elite football referees in Shanxi Province is reasonable,but the physical level of referees in China Football Association needs to be further strengthened.(3)The number of elite referees in Shanxi Province who often learn in the short term is small,and the frequency of daily theoretical learning is low on the whole.(4)The practice of elite football referees in Shanxi Province has problems such as unreasonable position selection,poor running,unclear handball identification,lack of confidence in penalty area key events,unclear recognition of tactical fouls,bad timing,lack of game management ability,lack of tacit team cooperation and so on.In view of the problems existing in the training of elite football referees in Shanxi Province,the following countermeasures are put forward:(1)Elite football referees in Shanxi Province need to strengthen their understanding of football and improve their English ability.(2)Elite football referees in Shanxi Province should strengthen physical training,and Shanxi Football Association should strengthen the guidance and supervision of physical training for referees.(3)Elite football referees in Shanxi Province should strengthen the theoretical study of rules.Shanxi Football Association regularly carries out training courses for elite football referees and improves the training plan.(4)Elite football referees in Shanxi Province should actively participate in the law enforcement of the competition and improve their own judging ability.Shanxi Football Association needs to develop a more reasonable referee selection plan and train elite football referees in Shanxi Province through a large number of matches.更多还原