【作者】 刘琳；

【导师】 朱英华；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2022和2023年在贵州省黔南州贵定县进行。以云烟87为试验材料,采用裂区设计,以行距为主区（R1:100 cm;R2:110 cm）,群体结构为副区(D1:15000株·hm^-2;D2:18000株·hm^-2;D3:21000株·hm^-2)。通过测定农艺性状、光合特性、外观质量、物理特性、化学成分及协调性、感官质量和经济性状等指标,明确黔南山地烤烟量质协同的适宜行距配置群体结构,为黔南植烟生态区山地烤烟生产可持续提供技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:（1）与R1相比,R2行距显著提高了烤烟的株高与茎围,增加了中部和下部叶片的叶长、叶宽和叶面积。随着群体结构增大,株高、节距和群体有效叶片数逐渐增加,茎围与单株有效叶片数逐渐降低,中部的叶长、叶宽、叶面积和开片度呈先增后降。不同行距配置群体结构中,R2D1、R2D2处理的烤烟农艺性状更加符合理想株型要求。（2）与R1相比,R2行距显著提高了烤烟叶面积指数（LAI）和中、下部叶的透光率。随群体结构增大,LAI先增后降,下部叶的SPAD值显著增加。中部叶向值随行距和群体结构增大而显著增加,下部叶则呈相反变化趋势。上、中部叶透光率随群体结构增大显著降低,中部叶R2D1处理的透光率显著高于其他处理,R1D3的中、下部叶透光率显著低于其他处理。行距增加提高了光化学猝灭系数（qP）,降低了非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）。群体结构增大降低了烤烟的实际量子产量（Y（Ⅱ））、电子传递速率（ETR）和qP。R2D1的qP显著高于R1D2、R1D3和R2D3,R1D2的NPQ显著高于R1D3和R2D2。（3）与R1相比,R2行距提高了烟叶的油分和身份得分,降低了B2F烟叶的颜色、成熟度得分和色差值（ΔE）。随着群体结构增大,烟叶的颜色和叶片结构得分降低,C3F烟叶的ΔE随群体结构增大呈先降后增,而B2F烟叶的ΔE则逐渐升高。从烟叶外观质量综合评价来看,R2与D1处理得分高于其他处理,R2D1、R1D1处理的外观质量综合评价优于其他处理。（4）与R1相比,R2行距降低了B2F烟叶的叶片厚度和叶质重,但显著增加了叶片的含梗率,较R1的增幅为13.07%。随着群体结构增大,显著降低了C3F叶片的厚度与柔软度,D1的B2F烟叶的含梗率低于D2、D3,D3的叶片厚度低于D1、D2。从烟叶物理特性综合评价来看,R2与D2处理得分高于其他处理,R2D2、R2D1处理的物理特性综合评价优于其他处理。（5）与R1相比,R2行距降低了烟叶整体的还原糖含量而增加了烟碱和氯含量,同时降低了B2F烟叶的总糖、钾含量和钾氯比而增加了总氮含量,显著降低了糖碱比。随群体结构增大,C3F烟叶的还原糖含量先升后降,总氮、烟碱和钾含量降低,而糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比升高,B2F烟叶的还原糖增加,总氮、烟碱、钾含量降低,糖碱比则先升后降。从烟叶化学成分综合评价来看,R1与D2处理得分高于其他处理,R1D3、R1D2处理的化学成分综合评价优于其他处理。（6）与R1相比,R2行距B2F烟叶的感官质量指标得分均增加,C3F烟叶的香气量得分降低而刺激性得分增加。随群体结构增大,D1的C3F烟叶的感官质量指标得分低于D2、D3。从烟叶感官质量综合评价来看,R2与D2处理得分高于其他处理,R2D2、R2D1处理的感官质量综合评价优于其他处理。（7）R2行距的产值和经济效果指数（ECI）均高于R1,分别较R1平均增幅为6.64%、12.13%。随着群体结构增大,D3处理的产量和产值显著高于D1,而单叶重和上等烟比例显著低于D1,ECI呈先增后降的变化趋势,D2处理显著高于D1、D3。R2D2处理的ECI最高,R1D2次之。（8）通过烟叶的外观质量、物理特性、化学成分和感官质量综合评价,R2和D2处理的烤烟品质综合评价得分高于其他处理,R2D2、R2D1处理的烤烟品质综合评价优于其他处理。R1和D2处理的产量综合评价优于其他处理,R2D2、R1D2处理的产量综合评价得分高于其他处理。综合烟叶品质和产量性状,R2与D2处理得分高于其他处理,R2D2、R1D2处理的量质协调性评价优于其他处理,R2D2处理的量质协同性最高。综合烤烟品质综合评价与产量性状,110 cm行距配置18000株·hm^-2的群体结构不仅提高了烤烟群体的农艺性状和光合性能,在保障了产量与产值的同时整体烟叶的品质均处于较优水平,有利于实现优质适产,达到了量质协调性发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trial was conducted by a split zone in order to investigated the effects of row spacing and population structure on the coordination of yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Guiding County,Qiannan Prefecture,Guizhou Province in 2022 and 2023.Flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as test material.The split zone design was dominated by row spacing（R1:100 cm;R2:110 cm）,the population structure was subregion(D1:15000strains·hm^-2;D2:18000 strains·hm^-2;D3:21000 strains·hm^-2).The parameters were measured in order to determine the population structure of suitable row spacing for quantity and quality coordination of flue-cured tobacco in Qiannan Prefecture,such as agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,appearance quality,physical characteristics,chemical composition,sensory quality and economic characteristics.Technical support was provided for the sustainable production of mountain flue-cured tobacco in the ecological area of Qiannan Prefecture.The main results were as follows:（1）Compared with R1 treatment,plant height and stem circumference were significantly increased by R2 treatment,meanwhile,leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of middle and lower leaves were increased.With the increase of population structure,plant height,pitch and population effective leaf number gradually increased,stem circumference and effective leaf number per plant gradually decreased,and leaf length,leaf width,leaf area and open degree in the middle increased first and then decreased.The agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco were better in line with the requirements of ideal plant type in R2D1 treatment and R2D2 treatment.（2）Compared with R1,the row spacing of R2 significantly increased the leaf area index（LAI）and light transmittance of middle and lower leaves.As the population density increased,LAI first increased and then decreased,while the SPAD value of lower leaves showed a significant increase.The trailing distance and population density had a significant impact on middle leaves,but showed an opposite trend for lower leaves.The light transmittance of upper and middle leaves decreased significantly with increasing population density.In the R2D1 treatment,the light transmittance of middle leaves was significantly higher than in other treatments,while in the R1D3 treatment it was significantly lower for both middle and lower leaves.Increasing line spacing led to an increase in photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）and a decrease in non-photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）.However,increasing population density resulted in a decrease in actual quantum yield（Y（Ⅱ））,electron transport rate（ETR）,and qP for flue-cured tobacco.Specifically,qP was significantly higher for R2D1 compared to R1D2,R1D3,and R2D3;whereas NPQ was significantly higher for R1D2 compared to R1D3 and R2D2.（3）Compared with R1,R2 row spacing increased the oil score and identity score of tobacco leaves,and decreased the color,maturity score and color difference value（ΔE）of B2F tobacco leaves.As the population structure increased,the scores for color and leaf structure decreased.ΔE for C3F tobacco initially decreased and then increased,whileΔE for B2F tobacco gradually increased.Overall evaluation of tobacco leaf appearance quality showed that the density scores of R2 and D1 were higher than those of other treatments,with R2D1 and R1D1 treatments showing better comprehensive evaluations than other treatments.（4）Compared with R1,the row spacing of R2 decreased the leaf thickness and leaf weight of B2F tobacco leaves,but significantly increased the stem rate of B2F tobacco leaves,with an increase of 13.07%compared with R1.The C3F leaves’thickness and suppleness dramatically decreased as the population structure grew.In comparison to D2 and D3,B2F tobacco leaves treated with D1 had a reduced stem content,while D3 treatment resulted in thinner leaves than D1 and D2.In the thorough assessment of the physical characteristics of tobacco leaves,R2 and D2 treatments outperformed other treatments in terms of scores,and R2D2 and R2D1 treatments outperformed other treatments in terms of physical property evaluation.（5）Compared with R1,R2 row spacing reduced the reducing sugar content in tobacco leaf as a whole and increase the content of nicotine and chlorine,and reduce the content of total sugar,potassium and B2F tobacco leaf potassium chloride ratio increased the total nitrogen content,reduce the sugar alkali ratio significantly.The population structure increased in C3F tobacco,causing its reducing sugar content to increase initially and then decrease.Meanwhile,the ratios of sugar to base,nitrogen to base,and potassium to chlorine increased.In B2F tobacco,on the other hand,the reducing sugar content increased,the contents of total nitrogen,nicotine,and potassium decreased,and the ratio of sugar to base increased initially and then decreased.The results of the thorough assessment of the chemical makeup of tobacco leaves showed that the R1 and D2 treatments scored higher than the other treatments,and that the R1D3 and R1D2 treatments’comprehensive evaluation of the chemical composition performed better than the other treatments.（6）Compared with R1,the sensory quality index scores of R2-spaced B2F tobacco increased,while the aroma score of C3F tobacco decreased and the irritation score increased.The sensory quality index scores and total scores of C3F tobacco leaves on D1 were lower than those of D2 and D3,indicating an increase in population structure.The results of the thorough assessment of the sensory quality of tobacco leaves showed that the R2 and D2treatments scored higher than the other treatments,and the R2D2 and R2D1 treatments scored better than the other treatments overall.（7）The output value and Economic Effect Index（ECI）of R2 rows exhibit higher values compared to R1,with an average increase of 6.64%and 12.13%,respectively.As the population structure increases,the yield and output value of D3 treatment significantly surpass those of D1,while the proportion of single leaf weight and fine tobacco is notably lower than that of D1.ECI demonstrates a trend of initial increase followed by decrease,with D2 treatment showing significant improvement over both D1 and D3.R2D2 yields the highest ECI,followed by R1D2.（8）The comprehensive evaluation scores of R2 and D2 treatments were higher than those of other treatments,and R2D2 and R2D1 treatments were superior to other treatments,based on the thorough assessment of the physical characteristics,chemical composition,and sensory quality of tobacco leaves.The R2D2 and R1D2 treatments had greater comprehensive yield assessment scores than the other treatments,and the R1 and D2treatments had better comprehensive yield evaluation scores overall.In general,R2 and D2treatments scored higher than other treatments;in terms of quantity and quality coordination,R2D2 and R1D2 treatments outperformed other treatments,and R2D2 treatment had the best coordination.After conducting a thorough assessment of the quality and quantity aspects of flue-cured tobacco,it was determined that a population structure of 18,000 plants·hm^-2 with 110 cm row spacing was optimal.This configuration not only enhanced the agronomic traits and photosynthetic performance of the tobacco population but also guaranteed a satisfactory yield and output value.Furthermore,maintaining the overall quality of tobacco leaves at a higher level was beneficial for achieving a balance between high-quality production and suitable yield,ultimately promoting the harmonious development of quantity and quality.更多还原