【作者】 张晔；

【导师】 王忠庆；

【作者基本信息】 中国医科大学 ， 情报学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:本研究通过分析临床医学期刊撤稿论文数据,对撤稿的总体趋势和特点进行系统探析。通过对撤稿理由进行归纳分类,探究撤稿时滞的特征、不同撤稿理由造成撤稿时滞的差异、论文撤销后对后续研究的影响以及撤稿论文的作者团队规模,使科研人员能够直观获悉临床医学学术不端行为全貌,规避科研工作中的潜在风险,促进更好地自我监控和自我警醒。同时为学术期刊管理以及完善科研诚信体系建设提供数据支撑与决策依据。研究方法:本研究采用横断面研究方法,下载Wo SCC数据库收录的2000年1月1日至2021年12月31日临床医学期刊撤稿论文数据并进行数据清洗,建立撤稿论文数据库,采用描述性分析方法描述撤稿总体趋势和特点,总结归类97个具体撤稿理由,描绘年度撤稿时滞和不同撤稿时滞撤稿数量的分布特点,对比高被引撤稿论文撤稿前后被引情况,了解作者团队规模结构特点,通过非参数检验探究撤稿时滞特征和不同撤稿理由造成撤稿时滞的差异。结果:本研究共纳入2864篇临床医学期刊撤稿论文。1、撤稿趋势:2000-2021年间临床医学期刊的撤稿数量和撤稿率显著上升,平均撤稿率为2.89(?),高撤稿率主要发生在2015-2019年。2、撤稿原因:科学出版物中的数据、图像和结果是撤稿“重灾区”,往往存在着不可靠和虚假的问题。3、撤稿时滞特征:2000-2021年间临床医学期刊平均撤稿时滞为1309天(约3.6年),最长撤稿时滞为7878天(约21.6年),中位撤稿时滞为737天(约2.0年;IQR,1632)。撤稿时滞总体上呈明显缩短的趋势。仅有32.75%的撤稿论文在出版后1年内被撤回,超过70.00%的撤稿论文在出版后5年内才被撤回。4、撤稿论文的撤稿时滞因撤稿理由而异,“调查”类撤稿理由的撤稿时滞最长。5、35.32%的临床医学期刊拥有至少1篇撤稿出版物,CANCER RESEARCH是撤稿数量最多的临床医学期刊。6、高被引撤稿论文特点:存在学术不端行为或有问题的出版物即使被撤销,被引量依旧“高居不下”。7、作者团队规模结构特点:合著者人数为3-6位的作者团队规模,撤稿数量均在400篇左右,贡献了超过一半的撤稿论文。结论:在过去的22年中,临床医学期刊的撤稿数量和撤稿率总体上呈显著上升趋势,撤稿时滞总体上呈明显缩短的趋势,这一现象反映出有错误的科学出版物数量的实际增加,以及学术期刊和出版商加大了撤稿力度,学术不端有效防治工作和努力取得了实质性成果。在检测论文是否存在学术不端问题时,数据、图像和结果部分应给予重点关注。期刊在调查过程中必须联系作者获取原始数据,然后审查和评估其真实性,这一过程需要花费不少时间,所以“调查”类撤稿理由的撤稿时滞最长。高被引撤稿论文的存在会对社会产生深远影响和严重危害,尤其是临床医学领域,是一个亟待解决的严峻问题。基于临床医学期刊撤稿现状,加强学术不端治理工作与力度,保障科研成果的真实性和可靠性,维护科研诚信作风精神,进一步提高公众对科学事业的信任和支持,对推动知识发展与科技创新具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: This study systematically explored the overall trends and characteristics of retractions by analyzing retractions from clinical medical journals.By summarizing and classifying the reasons for retraction,exploring the characteristics of the time from publication to retraction,the differences of the time from publication to retraction caused by different reasons for retraction,the impact of retractions on subsequent research,and the size of the author teams of retractions,so that researchers are able to intuitively learn the whole picture of academic misconduct in clinical medicine,to avoid potential risks in scientific research,and to promote better self-monitoring and self-alerting.At the same time,it provides data support and decision-making basis for the management of academic journals and the improvement of scientific research integrity system.Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional study method.Data of retractions of clinical medical journals collected in Wo SCC database from January 1,2000 to December 31,2021 were downloaded and cleaned.And then a database of retractions was established.Descriptive analysis was used to describe the overall trends and characteristics of retractions,summarize and categorize 97 specific reasons for retraction,describe the distribution characteristics of the annual time from publication to retraction and the number of retractions with different time from publication to retraction,compare the citations of highly cited retracted papers before and after retraction,and understand the characteristics of the size of the author teams.Non-parametric tests were used to investigate the characteristics of time from publication to retraction and the differences of the time from publication to retraction caused by different reasons for retraction.Results: A total of 2864 retracted papers from clinical medical journals were included in this study.1.Retraction trends: The number and rate of retractions of clinical medical journals increased significantly between 2000 and 2021,with an average retraction rate of 2.89(?).The high retraction rate mainly occurred from 2015 to 2019.2.Reasons for retraction: Data,images and results in scientific publications are the hardest hit in retractions,which are often unreliable and spurious.3.Characteristics of time from publication to retraction: The average time from publication to retraction for clinical medical journals during 2000-2021 was 1309 days(approximately 3.6years),the longest time from publication to retraction was 7878 days(about 21.6years),and the median time from publication to retraction was 737 days(about 2.0years;IQR,1632).On the whole,the trend in time from publication to retraction was significantly shorter.Only 32.75% of retracted papers were retracted within 1 year of publication,and more than 70.00% were retracted within 5 years.4.The time from publication to retraction varies according to the reasons for retraction,with the longest time from publication to retraction for reasons in the "investigation" category.5.35.32% of clinical medical journals had at least one retracted publication,while CANCER RESEARCH was the clinical medical journal with the highest number of retractions.6.Characteristics of highly cited retracted papers: Publications with academic misconduct or problems were still highly cited even if they were retracted.7.Characteristics of the size of author teams: The size of the author teams with 3-6co-authors,the number of retractions were all around 400,contributing more than half of the retracted papers.Conclusion: Over the past 22 years,there has been a significant overall upward trend in the number and rate of retractions from clinical medical journals,and a significant overall shortening of the time from publication to retraction.This phenomenon reflects the actual increase in the number of erroneous scientific publications,the intensified efforts of academic journals and publishers to retract flawed papers,and the effective prevention and control work of academic misconduct have achieved substantial results.The data,images,and results sections should be given focused attention when detecting papers for academic misconduct.During the investigation,journals must contact authors to obtain the original data and then review and assess its authenticity,a process that takes a lot of time and results in the longest time from publication to retraction for reasons in the "investigation" category.The existence of highly cited retracted papers can have far-reaching impacts and serious harm to society,especially in the field of clinical medicine,which is a serious problem that needs to be solved urgently.Based on the current situation of retractions of clinical medical journals,strengthening the governance of academic misconduct,guaranteeing the authenticity and reliability of scientific research results,maintaining the spirit of scientific research integrity,and further improving the public’s trust and support for scientific undertakings,which has great practical significance for promoting knowledge development and scientific and technological innovation.更多还原