【作者】 李晓明；

【导师】 晏英； 昝文利；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 公共管理， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 2010年以来,基于学前教育资源紧缺的背景,我国提出学前教育发展必须坚持公益性和普惠性。三孩政策出台后,国家把降低生育、养育、教育成本作为实施三孩政策的重要配套举措,党的二十大也进一步提出“强化学前教育普惠发展”。2022年全国人口首次出现负增长以来,普惠性学前教育面临的“质量性”问题远远大于“规模性”问题,推进学前教育普惠优质发展仍然任重道远。普惠性学前教育是指公办幼儿园和普惠性民办幼儿园提供的学前教育。普惠性具有公共服务性,普惠性民办幼儿园具有准公共产品的特征。政府发展普惠性民办幼儿园,既能满足社会对优质低价幼儿园的需求,又能有效减轻政府举办学前教育的负担。我国民办幼儿园数量庞大,高质量地发展普惠性民办幼儿园,是推进学前教育普惠优质发展的重要举措。普惠性政策出台后,各地政府不断探索推动普惠性民办幼儿园优质发展之路。2017年以来,F市政府积极发展普惠性民办幼儿园,截至2022年底普惠性幼儿园覆盖率高达96%,但也伴随出现了投入机制不健全、质量建设不到位、社会认可度普遍偏低等问题,使普惠性民办幼儿园一度成为“价格低”的代名词。本文运用文献研究、定量分析、调查分析的方法,对F市普惠性民办幼儿园发展现状进行全面梳理,分别从政策支持、经费投入、质量建设和监管层面提出了F市政府发展普惠性民办幼儿园中存在的问题,并深刻分析问题存在的原因。最后,基于F市学前教育发展的特点,结合其他先进地区的经验做法,对F市政府发展普惠性民办幼儿园提出相应建议:在政策支持层面,政府应在政策内容、科学规划、政策普及方面下功夫;在财政投入方面,掌握有限资源的政府一方面要优化成本分担机制,拓宽经费来源,另一方面也要建立投入约束机制,优化资金分配方式,保障其公益性的同时促进其高质量发展;在质量建设层面,提出质量评定和考核双重发力的机制,并强调政府加强教师队伍建设对幼儿园发展质量提升的重要性;在监管层面,提出政府既要完善监管体制,注意关键环节的把控,又要加强全方位监管,充分调动社会力量,共同促进并规范F市普惠性民办幼儿园的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 2010,against the backdrop of a shortage of preschool education resources,China has proposed that the development of preschool education must adhere to public welfare and inclusiveness.Following the introduction of the three-child policy,the state has identified reducing the costs of childbirth,parenting,and education as important supporting measures for implementing the policy.The 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further proposed "strengthening the inclusive development of preschool education." Since the first negative population growth in 2022,the "quality" issues faced by inclusive preschool education have far outweighed the "scale" issues,and the task of promoting high-quality and inclusive development of preschool education remains challenging.Inclusive preschool education refers to the education provided by public kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens.Inclusiveness carries the nature of public service,and inclusive private kindergartens have the characteristics of quasi-public goods.By developing inclusive private kindergartens,the government can meet the societal demand for high-quality and affordable kindergartens while effectively reducing the burden of providing preschool education.With a vast number of private kindergartens in China,high-quality development of inclusive private kindergartens is an important measure to advance the inclusive and high-quality development of preschool education.After the introduction of the inclusive policy,local governments have been continuously exploring ways to promote the high-quality development of inclusive private kindergartens.Since 2017,the F city government has actively developed inclusive private kindergartens.By the end of 2022,the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens had reached96%.However,this has also been accompanied by issues such as an imperfect investment mechanism,inadequate quality construction,and generally low social recognition,which at one point made inclusive private kindergartens synonymous with "low cost".This article employs a comprehensive approach using literature review,survey research,and quantitative analysis to thoroughly examine the development status of inclusive private kindergartens in F City.It identifies issues related to the government’s efforts in developing these kindergartens from various dimensions,including policy support,financial investment,quality construction,and regulatory oversight.A profound analysis is also conducted on the underlying causes of these issues.Finally,based on the unique characteristics of preschool education development in F City and drawing on the experiences of other advanced regions,the article offers targeted recommendations for the government of F City to improve the development of inclusive private kindergartens:On the policy support front,the government should focus on refining policy content,scientific planning,and widespread dissemination of policies.In terms of financial investment,the government,while managing limited resources,should not only optimize the cost-sharing mechanism and diversify funding sources but also establish investment constraints to ensure an equitable distribution of funds and maintain the public welfare nature of inclusive private kindergartens.Regarding quality construction,the article proposes a dual-force mechanism of quality assessment and appraisal,emphasizing the importance of teacher team development for enhancing the quality of kindergarten education.In the realm of regulation,it suggests improving the regulatory system,paying close attention to key aspects of control,and strengthening comprehensive supervision where both government and society play collaborative roles to promote the development of inclusive private kindergartens in F City.更多还原