乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育现状、问题及对策研究

【作者】 韩雪；

【导师】 李德林；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 教育管理（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着2020年3月中共中央、国务院印发了《关于全面加强新时代大中小学劳动教育意见》,以及2021年1月1日起实施了《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》,家庭劳动教育进一步成为新时期劳动教育发展的重要组成部分,对人的全面发展起到促进作用。3-6岁是幼儿发展的关键时期,对幼儿进行家庭劳动教育能够促进幼儿德、智、体、美的全面发展,同时能够初步培养幼儿的公民义务感,激发幼儿爱劳动、爱劳动人民的情感。然而,在当下物质充盈的社会,有些乡村幼儿家长过多的强调劳动的谋生功能、家长包办过多、剥夺幼儿劳动的机会、家庭教育理念存在偏差等成为新时代幼儿家庭劳动教育的新问题。家长是幼儿的第一任教师,家长对于幼儿人生观、价值观的形成起到重要的作用,家庭劳动教育影响着幼儿的身心健康成长。因此,加强乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育对于社会、个人的发展都具有重要意义。本研究采用混合研究方法,量化研究和质性研究相结合,用质性数据补充和深化量化数据信息。选取青西新区Z镇幼儿园家长作为研究对象,采用问卷调查法和访谈法对幼儿家长家庭劳动教育理念、家庭劳动教育实施途径与方法、家庭劳动教育的内容、家庭劳动教育的实施频度、家庭劳动教育结果反馈五个维度进行了研究,以此分析当前乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育的现状。同时,辅以中大班幼儿的绘画作品为佐证,进一步了解乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育的真实面貌。当今,乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育存在“认知”与“现实”之间的模糊、“技能”与“情感”之间的疏离、“匮乏”与“丰富”之间的失衡、“连续”与“断裂”之间的冲突、“自主”与“被动”之间的藩篱、“结果”与“反馈”之间的取舍等问题。究其实质,寻找出观念不合时宜、能力不胜其任、“科技化”大行其道、“少子化”推波助澜、主体间貌合神离等影响原因。基于乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育现状及影响原因的分析,本研究立足于现代化背景,提出乡村幼儿家庭劳动教育改进路径:改善社会舆论环境,弘扬优秀传统风尚;提升园所办园理念,健全共育评价体系;更新家长教育理念,提升劳育实施质量;挖掘社区劳动资源,整合各方教育力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the issuance of the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era" by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in March 2020,and the implementation of the "Family Education Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China" from January 1,2021,family labor education has further become an important component of the development of labor education in the new era,playing a promoting role in the comprehensive development of individuals.3-6 years old is a critical period for the development of young children.Providing family labor education to young children can promote their comprehensive development in morality,intelligence,physical fitness,and beauty.At the same time,it can initially cultivate children’s sense of civic responsibility and stimulate their emotional sprouts of love for labor and the working people.However,in the current society of material abundance,some rural children’s parents overly emphasize the livelihood function of labor,have too many responsibilities,deprive children of opportunities for labor,and have deviations in family education concepts,which have become new problems in the new era of family labor education for young children.Parents are the first teachers of young children,and they play an important role in shaping their outlook on life and values.Family labor education affects the physical and mental health growth of young children.Therefore,the development of family labor education for rural preschool children is of great significance for the development of society and individuals.This study adopts a mixed research method,combines quantitative research and qualitative research,and uses qualitative data to supplement and deepen quantitative data information.The parents of the kindergarten in Z Town,Qingxi New District were selected as the research object,and the questionnaire survey method and interview method were used to study the five dimensions of the concept of family labor education for young parents,the ways and methods of implementing family labor education,the content of family labor education,the frequency of implementation of family labor education,and the feedback of the results of family labor education.This is to analyze the current situation of rural children’s family labor education.At the same time,supplemented by the paintings of children in the middle and university class,we can further understand the true face of rural children’s family labor education.Nowadays,there is a ambiguity between "cognition" and "reality",alienation between "skills" and "emotion",the imbalance between "lack" and "rich",the conflict between "continuous" and "break",the barrier between "autonomy" and "passive",and the "result" and "feedback" in rural children’s family labor education.Problems such as trade-offs.In essence,find out the reasons for the untimely concept,the incompetence of skills,the great success of "science and technology",the promotion of "less children",the combination of multiple subjects,the separation of the body and mind of the main body and mind.Based on the analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of labor education in rural preschool families,this study is based on the background of modernization and proposes Improvement path for rural children’s family labor education: Improve the public opinion environment and promote excellent traditional customs;Enhance the concept of park management and improve the evaluation system for collaborative education;Update parental education concepts and improve the quality of labor education implementation;Explore community labor resources and integrate various educational forces.更多还原