【作者】 杨晨；

【导师】 蔡宝刚； 徐晓明；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着土地改革“三权分置”政策的提出,我国对于鼓励农村土地流转的态度更加明确,经过《土地承包法》与《民法典》的确认,我国正式确立了农村土地抵押权法律制度。在施行三权分置政策的过程中,我国坚持落实农村集体所有权、稳定以家庭联产承包的农户承包权、放活农村土地的经营权,赋予和保护农民获得和使用最基本的生产资源——耕地的天然权利。农村耕地对于农民具有基本生活保障意义,对于农村具有创造经济价值意义,对于社会具有维护社会安定意义,对于国家具有保障粮食安全意义。土地制度从严格禁止耕地任何流转形式到允许特定方式流转,再到如今允许权利人自愿以抵押等其他形式流转,本研究详细梳理了耕地制度从限制流转到促进流转的转变,耕地抵押制度从政策到法律的转变,阐明耕地抵押权设立及实施的理论基础、立法原意与现有制度设计。但制度设立只是推动耕地抵押体系运行的基础,在运行的过程中出现了制度制定的应然层面与落实实施的实然层面的差距,产生了可能导致农村耕地抵押权制度无法有效推行的问题。比如,我国的土地制度决定了土地承包经营权的主体是农户,在设立耕地抵押权时如何判定抵押人的意思表示;在设立耕地抵押权时是否应当经过登记程序、承包方同意程序、发包方备案程序以及其他程序等等。针对以上问题,理顺法律规范以及立法目的,明晰现有制度未明确之处、在保证立法趣旨得以实现的基础上简化法定程序、完善耕地抵押权相关配套制度、通过多种方式和途径共同保证耕地抵押权的有效设立与顺利实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the proposal and implementation of the policy of "separation of the three rights" in land reform,China has a clearer attitude towards encouraging rural land circulation.After the confirmation of the Land Contract Law and the Civil Code,China has formally established the legal system of rural land mortgage.In the process of implementing the policy of separating the three rights,China is adhering to the system of collective ownership,stabilizing the contract rights of farmers and liberalizing the right to cultivate the land for the purpose of granting and protecting farmers to obtain and use the most basic production resources —— farmland natural rights.Rural cultivated land has the basic life guarantee significance for farmers,the economic value creation significance for rural areas,the significance of maintaining social stability for the society,and the significance of ensuring food security for the country.Land system from strictly prohibited arable land circulation form to allow specific way circulation,to now allow the holder of voluntary in other forms such as mortgage,this study detailed combed the cultivated land system from restricted circulation to promote the transformation of circulation,cultivated land mortgage system from policy to legal change,clarify the cultivated land mortgage establishment and implementation of theoretical basis,legislative intention and the existing system design.However,the establishment of the system is only the basis of promoting the operation of the cultivated land mortgage system.In the process of operation,there is a gap in the system between the theoretical level of the system and the real level of the implementation,which may lead to the rural cultivated land mortgage system cannot be effectively implemented.For example,the land system in China determines that the main body of the land contract management right is the farmer,how to determine the intention of the mortgagor in the cultivated land mortgage.In view of the above problems,the legal norms and legislative purposes should be clarified,the existing system should be made clear,the legal procedures should be simplified on the basis of ensuring achieve the legislative objective of improving the support system related to the mortgage on the field,and the effective establishment and smooth realization of cultivated land mortgage should be jointly guaranteed through various ways and ways.更多还原