【作者】 李勇；

【导师】 刘琛；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 材料与化工（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 自二十世纪中期以来,探索火星的步伐不断加快,建造火星基地与探测开发火星资源已经成为各国航天发展的必然趋势。火星基地的建设需要大量资源,因此如何充分利用火星资源减少地球资源消耗具有重大意义。本文基于原位制造技术,开展了具有复杂成分组成的火星壤成型制备研究,研究了干压成型、凝胶注模成型、气氛烧结等多种工艺方法对火星壤材料的微观结构、相组成、力学和热物理性能的影响规律,初步揭示了模拟火星壤材料的冲蚀损伤行为。研究了模拟火星壤的化学成分、矿物组成、粒径分布以及微观形貌等,其化学成分和矿物组成与火星壤原位探测数据相一致,矿物组成均为长石、辉石、橄榄石、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钛铁矿等,化学成分为Si O₂、Fe O_T、Al₂O₃、Mg O、Ti O₂、Ca O、Na₂O。探讨了模拟火星壤的干压成型工艺及凝胶注模成型工艺,干压成型最佳工艺参数为:12 MPa保压5 min;研究了凝胶注模成型工艺原料配比、球磨时间、固化时间、固化温度和干燥方式对成型后生坯变形程度的影响,确定最优原料配比为15 AM:1 MBAM,球磨3 h,60℃固化45 min,利用液相干燥剂快速干燥后再自然干燥。探究了温度、时间、气氛等烧结参数对烧结产物力学及热物理性能的影响。对不同工艺烧结样品化学组成和矿物成分的研究表明,烧结前后矿物组成、化学成分均不变。相比于二氧化碳气氛下的烧结样品,在同一烧结温度下氩气气氛的烧结样品致密度更大,两者的致密度均在1130℃时达到最大,分别为88%和86%。烧结样品的压缩强度、硬度、弹性模量均与致密度变化趋势相一致,在1130℃烧结温度达到最大值,氩气气氛下烧结样品最大压缩强度可达164.0 MPa,最大硬度为11.5 GPa。烧结样品的热膨胀系数最小为2.6×10^-6℃^-1,在火星环境温度下的导热系数最大为1.26 W/（m·K）。采用火星风洞模拟实验,探究了烧结样品在火星环境下的冲蚀损伤行为。分析了风沙粒径、冲蚀时间、风速和冲蚀角度对材料表面的影响,随着风沙粒径、风速和冲蚀角度增大及冲蚀时间增加,材料表面冲蚀损伤行为越严重,其中冲蚀时间长短对材料表面损伤影响最大。初步揭示了模拟火星壤烧结样品在火星风洞环境下的冲蚀损伤行为,材料损伤是从表面孔洞处向四周扩展,不规则的模拟火星壤在磨损过程类似于微型刀具,致使材料表面磨损。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the middle of the 20th century,the pace of Mars exploration has been accelerating,and the construction of Mars base and exploration and development of Mars resources have become the inevitable trend of space development of various countries.The construction of Mars base needs a lot of resources,so how to make full use of Mars resources to reduce the consumption of earth resources is significant.This paper based on in-situ manufacturing technology,the formation and preparation of Mars soil with complex composition was carried out.The influence laws of dry pressing,gel casting molding,atmosphere sintering and other processes on the microstructure,phase composition,mechanical and thermal physical properties of Mars soil materials were studied,and the erosion damage behavior of simulated Mars soil was preliminarily revealed.The chemical composition,mineral composition,particle size distribution and microscopic morphology of the Martian soil simulation were studied.The chemical composition and mineral composition of the Martian soil simulation were consistent with the in-situ detection data of the real Martian soil.The mineral composition is feldspar,pyroxene,olivine,magnetite,hematite,ilmenite,etc.Chemical composition of Si O₂,Fe O_T,Al₂O₃,Mg O,Ti O₂,Ca O,Na₂O.The dry pressing process and gel casting molding process of Martian soil simulation were discussed.The optimum parameters of dry pressing process were 12 MPa and 5 min.The effects of raw material ratio,ball milling time,curing time,curing temperature and drying method on the deformation degree of green body after gel casting molding process were studied.The optimal raw material ratio was determined to be 15 AM:1 MBAM,ball milling for 3 h,60℃curing for 45 min,and liquid phase desiccant was used for rapid drying and then natural drying.The effects of sintering parameters such as temperature,time and atmosphere on the mechanical and thermal physical properties of sintering products were investigated.The chemical composition and mineral composition of samples sintered by different processes show that the mineral composition and chemical composition remain unchanged after sintering.Compared with the sintered sample in carbon dioxide atmosphere,the relative density of the sintered sample in argon atmosphere is higher at the same sintering temperature.The relative density of the sintered sample in argon atmosphere reaches the maximum at 1130℃,88%and 86%,respectively.The compressive strength,hardness and elastic modulus of the sintered sample are consistent with the density variation trend.The maximum compressive strength and hardness of the sintered sample are 164.0MPa and 11.5GPa respectively under the sintering temperature of 1130℃.The minimum thermal expansion coefficient of the sintered sample is 2.6×10-6℃^-1,and the maximum thermal conductivity at Mars ambient temperature is 1.26 W/（m·K）.The erosion damage behavior of sintered samples in Mars environment was investigated by simulating experiments in Mars wind tunnel.The influence of sand particle size,erosion time,wind speed and erosion Angle on the material surface is analyzed.With the increase of sand particle size,wind speed and erosion Angle and erosion time,the erosion damage behavior of the material surface becomes more serious,and the erosion time has the greatest influence on the material surface damage.The erosion damage behavior of simulated Martian soil sintered samples in the Martian wind tunnel environment was preliminarily revealed.The material damage was extended from the surface holes to the four sides.The irregular wear process of simulated Martian soil was similar to that of micro cutting tools,resulting in the wear of the material surface.更多还原